Sulfonyl Hydrazide Blowing Agents for Rubber and Plastics

Hunter, B. A.; Schoene, D. L.

doi:10.1021/ie50505a036

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In previous research, zinc oxide and zinc stearate were used as activators to modify azo class, and thermal analysis was applied to discuss the change of decomposition temperature . Using base, such as urea or amine, to activate OBSH is a well‐known technique . Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the utilization of urea compared with zinc compounds as OBSH activators, and study the activation mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urea‐activated 4,4'‐oxibis‐(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide) as foaming agent for low‐density unsaturated polyester resin manufacturing

Zhang

Wang

Pan

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The activation of foaming agent is critical to its application. In this study, 4,4 0 -oxibis-(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide) (OBSH) activated by urea was used in the manufacture of low-density unsaturated polyester resin (LDUPR), and the results were compared with that of OBSH activated by zinc oxide and zinc stearate. The experiment results showed that the activation of OBSH by urea was better than by zinc oxide or by zinc stearate. A novel hydrogen bond activation mechanism of urea is presented in this research. Two stages, including the induction stage and the foaming stage, were proposed in the LDUPR manufacture according to the gas evolution curves of activated OBSH. The decomposition temperature and the decomposition time of OBSH activated by urea were determined to match the gelation time of UPR for the manufacture of LDUPR. The disadvantageous chemical behaviors of activated OBSH were eliminated in the induction treatment. The activated OBSH via induction treatment released gas maximally and distributed gas homogeneously in the resin glue, resulting in a better foaming effect than that of the previous foaming agents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urea‐activated 4,4'‐oxibis‐(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide) as foaming agent for low‐density unsaturated polyester resin manufacturing

Zhang

Wang

Pan

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…3 shows the pyrolytic behaviors of p-vinylphenylsulfonylhydrazide and poly( p-vinylphenylsulfonylhydrazide) in air. The former undergoes an obvious weight loss at about 120 C, which is the same as the case of p-toluene sulfonyl hydrazide due to gasification of sulfonyl hydrazide groups driven by internal oxidationereduction reaction [12]. It means that the replacement of methyl in p-toluene sulfonyl hydrazide with vinyl does not influence its foaming ability.…”

Section: Characterization Of Poly( P-vinylphenylsulfonylhydrazide)mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Then, the grafted nanoparticles were melt compounded with polypropylene (PP) as usual. The monomer was selected because it possesses (i) double bond that can be used to react with the functional groups on the nanoparticles and to grow into macromolecules, and (ii) chemical structure similar to the foaming agents with sulfonyl hydrazide groups that can be decomposed to gas at around 120e160 C (matching the processing temperature of PP) [12]. In accordance with the above idea, melt blending of poly( p-vinylphenylsulfonylhydrazide) grafted nano-silica with PP should arouse bubblestretching effect to improve nanoparticles' dispersion in the PP matrix (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of grafted polymeric foaming agent on the structure and properties of nano-silica/polypropylene composites

Cai

Huang

Rong³

et al. 2006

Polymer

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“…Azodicarbonamide (ADC) has thermal decomposition at 200–210°C. Besides, diazoaminobenzene may cause dermatitis and dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine gives off unpleasant odor in some applications …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Epoxy Composite Hollow Microspheres (ECHM) Using Toluenesulfonyl Hydrazide (TSH) as Blowing Agent

Nayan

Leemsuthep

Zakaria

et al. 2017

Macromolecular Symposia

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Summary The epoxy composite hollow microspheres (ECHM) was prepared by single emulsion technique. Porofor Toluenesulfonyl hydrazide (TSH) 75 was used as blowing agent. Carbon black was used as filler for polyamide‐epoxy adduct matrix, which was reverted ratio of 1:2 epoxy to polyamide. The epoxy mixture (internal phase) was dropped and stirred into a heated corn oil (external phase) to form spherical droplets. These epoxy droplets underwent two simultaneous mechanisms of curing and foaming and became hollow microspheres. As expected, higher TSH content produced lower density of ECHM because of more expansion in ECHM. This fact was also evident from the size of hollow microspheres observed by using scanning electron microscope. In addition, high TSH content of 16 phr induced higher thermal properties of ECHM compared to those of ECHM using 8 phr and 12 phr TSH.

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Sulfonyl Hydrazide Blowing Agents for Rubber and Plastics

Cited by 25 publications

References 3 publications

Urea‐activated 4,4'‐oxibis‐(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide) as foaming agent for low‐density unsaturated polyester resin manufacturing

Urea‐activated 4,4'‐oxibis‐(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide) as foaming agent for low‐density unsaturated polyester resin manufacturing

Effect of grafted polymeric foaming agent on the structure and properties of nano-silica/polypropylene composites

Preparation of Epoxy Composite Hollow Microspheres (ECHM) Using Toluenesulfonyl Hydrazide (TSH) as Blowing Agent

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