Sulfur-Containing Carotenoids from A Marine Coral Symbiont Erythrobacter flavus Strain KJ5

Abstract

Erythrobacter flavus strain KJ5 (formerly called Erythrobacter sp. strain KJ5) is a yellowish marine bacterium that was isolated from a hard coral Acropora nasuta in the Karimunjawa Islands, Indonesia. The complete genome sequence of the bacterium has been reported recently. In this study, we examined the carotenoid composition of this bacterium using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ESI-MS/MS. We found that the bacterium produced sulfur-containing carotenoids, i.e., caloxanthin sulfate and nostoxanthin sulfate, as the most abundant carotenoids. A new carotenoid zeaxanthin sulfate was detected based on its ESI-MS/MS spectrum. The unique presence of sulfated carotenoids found among the currently known species of the Erythrobacter genus were discussed.

Short-Term Exposure to Sterile Seawater Reduces Bacterial Community Diversity in the Sea Anemone, Exaiptasia diaphana

“…Erythrobacter, Winogradskyella, Phaeodactylibacter, Muricauda, and unresolved Rhodobacteraceae genera were significantly more abundant in control anemones compared to "sterile" anemones. At least three of these groups (Erythrobacter, Winogradskyella, and Muricauda) are common members of the Symbiodiniaceae microbiome (Lawson et al, 2017;Nitschke et al, 2020) and some are known carotenoid producers (Prabhu et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2016;Setiyono et al, 2019), which could serve as potent antioxidants protecting the algal symbiont during periods of oxidative stress (Schmitt et al, 2014). Erythrobacter produces enzymes that can inactivate common antibacterial compounds (Jiang et al, 2018), while Winogradskyella produces antifouling compounds (Dash et al, 2009).…”

Bioactivity Potential of Marine Natural Products from Scleractinia-Associated Microbes and In Silico Anti-SARS-COV-2 Evaluation

“…strain KJ5) is a yellowish aerobic marine bacterium, which was isolated from the hard coral Acropora nasuta (family: Acroporidae) in the Karimunjawa Islands, Central Java Province, Indonesia. It is worth to mention that previous phylogenetic analysis utilizing 16S rDNA sequence had shown that this species has a genetic similarity of 96% to E. flavus [ 41 ]. The genus Erythrobacter was first classified by Shiba and Simidu [ 42 ], and found to compromise aerobic marine photosynthetic bacteria that have bacteriochlorophyll, carotenoids as well as non-sulphated carotenoids.…”

Ecological and biotechnological importance of secondary metabolites produced by coral‐associated bacteria

“…For example, Setiyono et al . (2019) first reported the compound zeaxanthin sulphate, a carotenoid produced by Erythrobacter flavus KJ5 from the stony coral A. nasuta in Indonesia. This bacterium also produced other known sulphur carotenoids, caloxanthin and nostoxanthin sulphate (Setiyono et al .…”

“…This bacterium also produced other known sulphur carotenoids, caloxanthin and nostoxanthin sulphate (Setiyono et al . 2019). Carotenoids are widely used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries (Galasso et al .…”