Sulfur Dioxide Inhibition of Photosynthesis in Isolated Spinach Chloroplasts

Silvius, John E.; Ingle, M.; Baer, Charles H.

doi:10.1104/pp.56.3.434

Cited by 59 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In chloroplasts sulfite (at pH 8.2: 9.2% HSO3-and 90.8% S032-) and effectors induced by SO2 fumigation can attack reactions of photosynthetic electron transport (7,26), photophosphorylation (5,27), and the reductive pentose phosphate pathway (10,14,17,24,29,(31)(32)(33). Light modulation of stromal enzyme activity in the chloroplast is known to be sulfite sensitive (3,20,21).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Arsenite, Sulfite, and Sulfate on Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism in Isolated Pea (Pisum sativum L., cv Little Marvel) Chloroplasts

Marques¹,

Anderson²

1986

Plant Physiol.

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Photosynthetic C02-fixation in isolated pea (Pisum sativum L., cv Little Marvel) chloroplasts during induction is markedly inhibited by 0.4 millimolar sulfite. Sulfate at the same concentration has almost no effect.The "C02-fixation pattern indicates that the primary effect of sulfite is inhibition of the reaction catalyzed by ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase and a stimulation of export of intermediates out of the chloroplasts. Inhibition of light modulation of stromal enzyme activity does not appear to account for the toxicity of SO2 in this Pisum variety. Arsenite at 0.2 millimolar concentrations inhibits light activation and inhibits photosynthetic CO2 fixation. The '4C02-fixation pattern indicates that the primary effect of arsenite is inhibition of light activation of reductive pentose phosphate pathway enzyme activity.Several sites of action have been proposed to explain the effect of SO2, one of the major air pollutants, on plants. In chloroplasts sulfite (at pH 8.2: 9.2% HSO3-and 90.8% S032-) and effectors induced by SO2 fumigation can attack reactions of photosynthetic electron transport (7, 26), photophosphorylation (5, 27), and the reductive pentose phosphate pathway (10,14,17,24,29,(31)(32)(33). Light modulation of stromal enzyme activity in the chloroplast is known to be sulfite sensitive (3,20,21).In previous experiments involving '4C02 fixation in intact chloroplasts the RPP3 pathway intermediates were only partially resolved (16). To verify the reported SO2 effects and to determine their significance in situ, we have examined the effect of sulfite on the "4CO2 fixation pattern and the distribution of '4C-labeled metabolites between chloroplasts and the incubation medium during photosynthetic induction.S02-fumigated plants can accumulate sulfate (9, 30), which has been reported to be both relatively harmless (8,27) and to quite effectively inhibit photosynthesis in isolated chloroplasts (4,27). We treated isolated pea chloroplasts with sulfate in order to compare effects with those of sulfite.The major causes of the sulfite-induced reduction in the pho-'Supported

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Arsenite, Sulfite, and Sulfate on Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism in Isolated Pea (Pisum sativum L., cv Little Marvel) Chloroplasts

Marques¹,

Anderson²

1986

Plant Physiol.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…This is supported by the observed inhibition of a number of partial reactions of photosynthesis after exposure to SO2 or its related anionic forms, sulfite and bisulfite (1,10,12,28,29). Photosynthetic electron transport is particularly sensitive, apparently as a result of inhibition of PSII (12,28,29).The mechanism of action of sulfur dioxide has not been clearly established, although it has been suggested that induction of thylakoid lipid peroxidation is involved (25). Indeed, there is considerable evidence that sulfur dioxide damages plant membranes by facilitating free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation (8,24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 51%

“…A primary site of action appears to be the photosynthetic apparatus as indicated by the inhibition of CO2 fixation during the early stages of SO2 toxicity (15,30). This is supported by the observed inhibition of a number of partial reactions of photosynthesis after exposure to SO2 or its related anionic forms, sulfite and bisulfite (1,10,12,28,29). Photosynthetic electron transport is particularly sensitive, apparently as a result of inhibition of PSII (12,28,29).…”

mentioning

confidence: 57%

“…In particular, there are several reports that exposure to SO2 or bisulfite results in inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport, which could clearly be a consequence of lipid peroxidation in thylakoids (12,28,29). Alternatively, the possibility remains that inhibition of electron transport results from a more direct effect of SO2 on the protein components of the thylakoid membrane.…”

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confidence: 93%

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Inhibition of Photosystem II Precedes Thylakoid Membrane Lipid Peroxidation in Bisulfite-Treated Leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris

Covello

Chang²,

Dumbroff³

et al. 1989

Plant Physiol.

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Exposure of leaves to S02 or bisulfite is known to induce peroxidation of thylakoid lipids and to inhibit photosynthetic electron transport. In the present study, we have examined the temporal relationship between bisulfite-induced thylakoid lipid peroxidation and inhibition of electron transport in an attempt to clarify the primary mechanism of S02 phytotoxicity. Primary leaves of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv Kinghom) were floated on a solution of NaHSO3, and the effects of this treatment on photosynthetic electron transport were determined in vivo by measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence induction and in vitro by biochemical measurements of the light reactions using isolated thylakoids. Lipid peroxidation in treated leaves was followed by monitoring ethane emission from leaf segments and by measuring changes in fatty acid composition and lipid fluidity in isolated thylakoids. A 1 hour treatment with bisulfite inhibited photosystem 11 (PSII) activity by 70% without modifying Photosystem 1, and this inhibitory effect was not light-dependent. By contrast, lipid peroxidation was not detectable until after the inhibition of PSII and was strongly light dependent. This temporal separation of events together with the differential effect of light suggests that bisulfite-induced inhibition of PSII is not a secondary effect of lipid peroxidation and that bisulfite acts directly on one or more components of PSII.Sulfur dioxide is a wide-spread air pollutant that produces a variety of toxic effects in plants (26,30). A primary site of action appears to be the photosynthetic apparatus as indicated by the inhibition of CO2 fixation during the early stages of SO2 toxicity (15,30). This is supported by the observed inhibition of a number of partial reactions of photosynthesis after exposure to SO2 or its related anionic forms, sulfite and bisulfite (1,10,12,28,29). Photosynthetic electron transport is particularly sensitive, apparently as a result of inhibition of PSII (12,28,29).The mechanism of action of sulfur dioxide has not been clearly established, although it has been suggested that induction of thylakoid lipid peroxidation is involved (25). Indeed, there is considerable evidence that sulfur dioxide damages plant membranes by facilitating free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation (8,24). The oxidation of sulfur dioxide in solution (as sulfite) is known to occur by a chain reaction that can be initiated by a variety of free radical-generating agents including illuminated chloroplasts (3, 26). During propagation of the reaction, the free radicals, OH. (hydroxyl), S03-. (sulfite), and 02-(superoxide), are thought to be generated (14,26), although recent spin-trapping evidence suggests that S03-is more important than 02-in the propagation of chloroplast-initiated oxidation of the sulfite ion (1 1). The free radicals generated are thought to be responsible for the observed peroxidation ofthylakoid lipids exposed to sulfite (17).Several studies, considered together, implicate thylakoid membrane lipid peroxidatio...

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