Sulfur dioxide initiates global climate change in four ways

Ward, Peter L.

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2009.01.005

Cited by 96 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 177 publications

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“…These calculations assume a rather unrealistic regular volcanic gas production and over a much longer time period than the currently estimated tens of thousands of years to at most 50,000-100,000 yr (Chenet et al, 2008). Despite these uncertainties, it is obvious that Deccan phase 2 corresponds to a severe atmospheric change and was responsible for major environmental hazards due to acid rains over tens of thousands of years, as recently suggested by Ward (2009).…”

Section: Akaganeite: a New Deccan Marker?mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Deccan volcanism likely occurred as large fi ssure eruptions with thermal plumes penetrating into the stratosphere due to the high lava volume and high temperatures (Self et al, 2006). A signifi cant percentage of acid gases and halogens is therefore expected to have remained in the lower stratosphere for several years after each eruption (Ward, 2009). This is the likely explanation for environmental changes such as acid rains over a large portion of Earth, especially the intertropical and peri-Tethys regions.…”

Section: Akaganeite: a New Deccan Marker?mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Atmospheric halogen and acid rains during the main phase of Deccan eruptions: Magnetic and mineral evidence

Font¹,

Fabre²,

Nédélec³

et al. 2014

Volcanism, Impacts, and Mass Extinctions: Causes and Effects

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Section: Akaganeite: a New Deccan Marker?mentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Akaganeite: a New Deccan Marker?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric halogen and acid rains during the main phase of Deccan eruptions: Magnetic and mineral evidence

Font¹,

Fabre²,

Nédélec³

et al. 2014

Volcanism, Impacts, and Mass Extinctions: Causes and Effects

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Recently, it has also been suggested that excess sulphur dioxide has an influence on global warming. [1] Since the beginning of the 1970s, there has been a pursuit to reduce SO 2 emissions. [2] One option is to use chemical scrubbing agents in a process called flue gas desulphurisation (FGD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

XPS and SEM study of calcite bearing rock powders in the case of reactivity measurement with HCl solution

Järvinen

Leiro

Bjondahl

et al. 2011

Surface & Interface Analysis

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The dissolution of seven natural limestones and calcareous rocks in hydrochloric acid solution was examined to investigate their capability for wet flue gas desulphurisation. All samples were crushed, ground and sieved to a size-fraction of 150-250 mm. Thereafter they were subjected to a dissolution experiment utilising stepwise titration with hydrochloric acid. The dissolution rates of three calcareous rocks were found to be controlled by reaction kinetics, while the limestones showed mass transfer control. The surface characterisation was implemented before and after dissolution experiments using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Additional characterisation was carried out with X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and polarizing microscope. Initial reactivities have been shown to decrease in the order limestone, calcareous rock with high calcium concentration, calcareous rock with low calcium concentration. Coarse grain structure is proposed to decrease the initial reactivity.

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“…The introduction of sulphate aerosols beyond current rates of emissions result in either a decrease in the insulating capacity of the atmostphere -thereby leading to global cooling, or increase the global temperature due to an overcapacity of atmospheric aerosols (e.g., based on expanded SO 2 emissions) (Ward 2009). Alternatively, as pointed out by Kunzig (2008), deploying large-scale sulfur aerosols may have a direct effect on decreasing insolation in the short term.…”

Section: Rapid Warming If Atmospheric Sulphate Aerosol Injection Abrumentioning

confidence: 99%

Unintended consequences of atmospheric injection of sulphate aerosols.

Brady¹,

Kobos²,

Goldstein³

2010

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Most climate scientists believe that climate geoengineering is best considered as a potential complement to the mitigation of CO 2 emissions, rather than as an alternative to it. Strong mitigation could achieve the equivalent of up to −4Wm −2 radiative forcing on the century timescale, relative to a worst case scenario for rising CO 2 . However, to tackle the remaining 3Wm −2 , which are likely even in a best case scenario of strongly mitigated CO 2 releases, a number of geoengineering options show promise. Injecting stratospheric aerosols is one of the least expensive and, potentially, most effective approaches and for that reason an examination of the possible unintended consequences of the implementation of atmospheric injections of sulphate aerosols was made. Chief among these are: reductions in rainfall, slowing of atmospheric ozone rebound, and differential changes in weather patterns. At the same time, there will be an increase in plant productivity. Lastly, because atmospheric sulphate injection would not mitigate ocean acidification, another side effect of fossil fuel burning, it would provide only a partial solution.Future research should aim at ameliorating the possible negative unintended consequences of atmospheric injections of sulphate injection. This might include modeling the optimum rate and particle type and size of aerosol injection, as well as the latitudinal, longitudinal and altitude of injection sites, to balance radiative forcing to decrease negative regional impacts. Similarly, future research might include modeling the optimum rate of decrease and location of injection sites to be closed to reduce or slow rapid warming upon aerosol injection cessation. A fruitful area for future research might be system modeling to enhance the possible positive increases in agricultural productivity. All such modeling must be supported by data collection and laboratory and field testing to enable iterative modeling to increase the accuracy and precision of the models, while reducing epistemic uncertainties. 6 CONTENTS

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Sulfur dioxide initiates global climate change in four ways

Cited by 96 publications

References 177 publications

Atmospheric halogen and acid rains during the main phase of Deccan eruptions: Magnetic and mineral evidence

Atmospheric halogen and acid rains during the main phase of Deccan eruptions: Magnetic and mineral evidence

XPS and SEM study of calcite bearing rock powders in the case of reactivity measurement with HCl solution

Unintended consequences of atmospheric injection of sulphate aerosols.

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