Sulfur-doped triazine-conjugated microporous polymers for achieving the robust visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution

Elewa, Ahmed M.; EL‐Mahdy, Ahmed F. M.; Elsayed, Mohamed Hammad; Mohamed, Mohamed Gamal; Kuo, Shiao‐Wei; Chou, Ho‐Hsiu

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2021.129825

Cited by 78 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Various studies have been conducted to date in order to provide highly sustainable and efficient energy storage systems, which include metal oxides [ 19 , 20 ], metal–organic framework (MOFs) [ 21 , 22 ], activated carbon [ 23 , 24 , 25 ], porous carbon and graphene [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ], porous organic polymer [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ], and other carbon-based materials [ 35 , 36 ]. Because of their higher mechanical stability, low densities, higher surface area, and greater extent of porosity, newly developed porous organic polymers and covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) have been widely discussed, making this type of material very unique in providing highly efficient energy storage devices and other potential applications [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. CTF precursors are materials containing nitrogen, which are easily formed by cyclotrimerization of aryl nitriles under ionothermal conditions [ 44 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastable Covalent Triazine Organic Framework Based on Anthracene Moiety as Platform for High-Performance Carbon Dioxide Adsorption and Supercapacitors

Mohamed

Sharma

Liu

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Conductive and porous nitrogen-rich materials have great potential as supercapacitor electrode materials. The exceptional efficiency of such compounds, however, is dependent on their larger surface area and the level of nitrogen doping. To address these issues, we synthesized a porous covalent triazine framework (An-CTFs) based on 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (An-CN) units through an ionothermal reaction in the presence of different molar ratios of molten zinc chloride (ZnCl2) at 400 and 500 °C, yielding An-CTF-10-400, An-CTF-20-400, An-CTF-10-500, and An-CTF-20-500 microporous materials. According to N2 adsorption–desorption analyses (BET), these An-CTFs produced exceptionally high specific surface areas ranging from 406–751 m2·g−1. Furthermore, An-CTF-10-500 had a capacitance of 589 F·g−1, remarkable cycle stability up to 5000 cycles, up to 95% capacity retention, and strong CO2 adsorption capacity up to 5.65 mmol·g−1 at 273 K. As a result, our An-CTFs are a good alternative for both electrochemical energy storage and CO2 uptake.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastable Covalent Triazine Organic Framework Based on Anthracene Moiety as Platform for High-Performance Carbon Dioxide Adsorption and Supercapacitors

Mohamed

Sharma

Liu

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…CMPs are porous compounds that are constructed from a covalent connection of π-conjugated building units that extended along with the skeleton, providing them 3D microporosity networks and especially high surface area at times [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. They can be easily synthesized by using numerous C–C coupling reactions such as Yamamoto, Sonogashira, and Suzuki coupling, and also oxidative polymerization [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ] which are characterized by a high degree of polymerization and crosslinking densities, as well as facilities the incorporation of different moieties [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastable Conjugated Microporous Polymers Containing Benzobisthiadiazole and Pyrene Building Blocks for Energy Storage Applications

et al. 2022

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In recent years, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have become important precursors for environmental and energy applications, compared with inorganic electrode materials, due to their ease of preparation, facile charge storage process, π-conjugated structures, relatively high thermal and chemical stability, abundance in nature, and high surface areas. Therefore, in this study, we designed and prepared new benzobisthiadiazole (BBT)-linked CMPs (BBT–CMPs) using a simple Sonogashira couplings reaction by reaction of 4,8-dibromobenzo(1,2-c;4,5-c′)bis(1,2,5)thiadiazole (BBT–Br2) with ethynyl derivatives of triphenylamine (TPA-T), pyrene (Py-T), and tetraphenylethene (TPE-T), respectively, to afford TPA–BBT–CMP, Py–BBT–CMP, and TPE–BBT–CMP. The chemical structure and properties of BBT–CMPs such as surface areas, pore size, surface morphologies, and thermal stability using different measurements were discussed in detail. Among the studied BBT–CMPs, we revealed that TPE–BBT–CMP displayed high degradation temperature, up to 340 °C, with high char yield and regular, aggregated sphere based on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Furthermore, the Py–BBT–CMP as organic electrode showed an outstanding specific capacitance of 228 F g–1 and superior capacitance stability of 93.2% (over 2000 cycles). Based on theoretical results, an important role of BBT–CMPs, due to their electronic structure, was revealed to be enhancing the charge storage. Furthermore, all three CMP polymers featured a high conjugation system, leading to improved electron conduction and small bandgaps.

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“…Thus, extensive research efforts will be needed to develop novel materials possessing high specific surface areas that can increase the energy density of supercapacitors while maintaining their power density and cycling stability. In this regard, many porous organic polymers (POPs) featuring suitable pore size distributions—including covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) [ 39 ], covalent organic frameworks (COFs) [ 40 , 41 , 42 ], hypercrosslinked porous polymers (HCPs) [ 43 , 44 ], conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ], metal–organic framework [ 48 , 49 , 50 ], and ferrocene-based conjugated microporous polymers [ 51 ]—have been developed to improve the performance of supercapacitors. Supercapacitors can store energy through faradaic (pseudocapacitance) and non-faradaic [electric double-layer capacitance (EDLC)] processes [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microporous Carbon and Carbon/Metal Composite Materials Derived from Bio-Benzoxazine-Linked Precursor for CO2 Capture and Energy Storage Applications

Mohamed

Samy

Mansoure

et al. 2021

IJMS

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There is currently a pursuit of synthetic approaches for designing porous carbon materials with selective CO2 capture and/or excellent energy storage performance that significantly impacts the environment and the sustainable development of circular economy. In this study we prepared a new bio-based benzoxazine (AP-BZ) in high yield through Mannich condensation of apigenin, a naturally occurring phenol, with 4-bromoaniline and paraformaldehyde. We then prepared a PA-BZ porous organic polymer (POP) through Sonogashira coupling of AP-BZ with 1,3,6,8-tetraethynylpyrene (P-T) in the presence of Pd(PPh3)4. In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry revealed details of the thermal polymerization of the oxazine rings in the AP-BZ monomer and in the PA-BZ POP. Next, we prepared a microporous carbon/metal composite (PCMC) in three steps: Sonogashira coupling of AP-BZ with P-T in the presence of a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) as a directing hard template, affording a PA-BZ POP/ZIF-67 composite; etching in acetic acid; and pyrolysis of the resulting PA-BZ POP/metal composite at 500 °C. Powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) measurements revealed the properties of the as-prepared PCMC. The PCMC material exhibited outstanding thermal stability (Td10 = 660 °C and char yield = 75 wt%), a high BET surface area (1110 m2 g–1), high CO2 adsorption (5.40 mmol g–1 at 273 K), excellent capacitance (735 F g–1), and a capacitance retention of up to 95% after 2000 galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) cycles; these characteristics were excellent when compared with those of the corresponding microporous carbon (MPC) prepared through pyrolysis of the PA-BZ POP precursors with a ZIF-67 template at 500 °C.

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Sulfur-doped triazine-conjugated microporous polymers for achieving the robust visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution

Cited by 78 publications

References 77 publications

Ultrastable Covalent Triazine Organic Framework Based on Anthracene Moiety as Platform for High-Performance Carbon Dioxide Adsorption and Supercapacitors

Ultrastable Covalent Triazine Organic Framework Based on Anthracene Moiety as Platform for High-Performance Carbon Dioxide Adsorption and Supercapacitors

Ultrastable Conjugated Microporous Polymers Containing Benzobisthiadiazole and Pyrene Building Blocks for Energy Storage Applications

Microporous Carbon and Carbon/Metal Composite Materials Derived from Bio-Benzoxazine-Linked Precursor for CO2 Capture and Energy Storage Applications

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