Sulfur Fertilization of an Annual-Range Soil during Years of Below-Normal Rainfall

Williams, William A.; McKell, Cyrus M.; Reppert, Jack N.

doi:10.2307/3895538

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…This potential is affected by soil characteristics and fertiliser form (Chao et al 1962;Muller & McSweeney 1974). Lysimeter studies (McKell & Williams 1960;Williams et al 1964;Jones et al 1968;Muller 1975;Till & McCabe 1976) support the above findings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Drainage losses of sulphur from a yellow-grey earth soil

Smith

Gregg

Tillman

1983

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Losses of sulphur (S) in surface runoff and subsurface drainage waters were measured during a 2-year study on a grazed yellow-grey earth soil (Tokomaru silt loam). Dissolved sulphur (S) losses in subsurface drainage from pastures fertilised the preceding spring averaged 11.0 ± 3.5 kg S/ha per year. Application of 43 kg S/ha in late autumn-early winter increased dissolved S losses by 4.5 ± 1.5 kg S/ha. Dissolved S concentrations in the drainage were significantly correlated with water-soluble soil S, but total dissolved S losses were not. Losses of dissolved S in surface runoff were markedly affected by fertiliser addition and subsurface drainage. Losses from gently sloping (6°) plots were minimal except when fertiliser S was applied in late autumn to undrained pastures. Under these conditions, 8070 (4.5 kg S/ha) of the applied superphosphate was lost in surface runoff during a 6-week period. In another study, where dissolved superphosphate was applied in autumn, 13% (7.2 kg S/ha) of the applied S was lost in surface runoff from an undrained pasture.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Drainage losses of sulphur from a yellow-grey earth soil

Smith

Gregg

Tillman

1983

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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“…Sulfate losses of 77% in the 1st year have been measured when S was applied in the form of gypsum (8). During a dry year leaching losses were only 17% where gypsum was applied and 4% where elemental S was used (10). The S losses on three soils tested in lysimeters ranged from a high of 94% with gypsum to a low of 9% with pelleted elemental S during a 3-year period (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Sulfur Fertilization on Three Annual Range Species I. Laughlin Soil Experiment¹

Shock¹,

Jones²,

Williams³

et al. 1983

Agronomy Journal

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The fate of a single application of sodium sulfate and its effect on three range species grown alone and in pairs in free‐draining lysimeters containing Laughlin loam soil (fine‐loamy, mixed, mesic Ultic Haploxerolls) was monitored during two growing seasons. Plant growth responses to added S were small because the soil released considerable S during the course of the experiment, equivalent to more than half of the S application. However, the growth of subclover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) and its mixtures with fllaree [Erodium botrys (Cav.) Bertol.] and soft chess (Bromus mollis L.) was increased by S fertilization (P = 0.06). The botanical composition shifted towards subclover with added S. On the lysimeters where S was applied, subclover and filaree obtained more of their S from the applied fertilizer (55 and 55%) than did soft chess (44%). Total plant recovery of fertilizer sulfur in the 1st year was greater in pure stands of subclover (20%) than for soft chess (11 %) and filaree (7%). Total sulfur uptake was greatest on S fertilized lysimeters of subclover or sublover plus filaree. Leachate losses of S in the 1st year were positively related to the amount of S applied and volume of leachate and negatively related to S uptake by the plants. In the 2nd year leachate losses of S were positively related to the calculated S status of the soil at the end of the 1st year and negatively to plant S uptake. A greater leachate volume was lost from lysimeters containing filaree than containing soft chess or subterranean clover, and mixtures were intermediate. Leachate volume was not related to dry matter production. Sulfur application did not affect N uptake by the nonlegumes, but subclover N2 fixation was increased by 60% during the 1st year. The percentage of subclover N coming from N2 fixation was enhanced by the presence of nonlegumes. Estimates of recovery of fertilizer S were significantly less by calculations based on 35S and than on total S differences suggesting that the labile 35S is diluted in the soil solution by the release of non‐labeled S from decomposition of organic matter.

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“…Fertilizer versus control responses on the swale sites were not significantly different in any of the 5 years sampled (Table 1). Swale sites are not as sulfur deficient as the upland sites and this might be attributed to sulfate transport in run-on from upland sites as Williams et al (1964) showed sulfate leaching under wet condi-110 tions with fertilization.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plants respond more quickly to sulfate forms of sulfur during low-rainfall years Williams 1960, Williams et al 1964). With higher rainfall sulfate fertilizers are susceptible to leaching and runoff during the application year (Williams et al 1964) and sulfate fertilizers have lower residual value than elemental sulfur (Jones et al 1968, Jones et al 1970, Jones and Ruckman 1966. In high rainfall areas elemental sulfur elicits longer lasting results.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Sulfur Fertilization on Productivity and Botanical Composition of California Annual Grassland

Caldwell¹,

Menke²,

Duncan³

1985

Journal of Range Management

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Changes in botanical compositionand productivity of total herbage and 14 categories of annual range plants caused by elemental sulfur fertilization, range site, and precipitation were studied. Total herbage production on the wetter and more fertile swale sites was not affected by sulfur fertilization, but production on adjacent open upland and rocky, brushy upland sites usually increased with added S. Herbage production increased 28% or 1,400 kg/ ha on fertilized open upland sites and 51% or 1,800 kg/ ha on fertilized rocky, brushy uphnd sites during the wettest year sampled. Over the 3 years sampled, the most desirable grass, soft chess, averaged 68,22, and 66% higher production (438,287, and 388 kg/ha increases, respectively) on fertilized versus control range units for swale, open upland, and rocky, brushy upland range sites, respectively. Likewise, the less desirable but important earlyforage species, ripgut brome, increased 164% or 544 kg/ha on swales and 205% or 437 kg/ha on rocky, brushy uplands with fertilization; only a 16% increase or 98 kg/ha occurred on open upland sites. Grass responses were offset by decreased forb production, while the proportion of legumes remained nearly the same. Upland sites benefited from sulfur fertilization by exhibiting both increased clover and other legume production in the wettest year. Filaree was unaffected by sulfur fertilization.Sulfur is recognized as an important macro-nutrient on California's unimproved and improved annual-type rangeland. Martin (1958) noted a sulfur deficiency on sites in 34 of the 58 California counties representing 60 soil series. Conrad (1950) found that The authors are post-graduate researcher and associate professor, Department of Agronomy and Range Science, University of California, Davis 95616, and range scientist (retired), Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Fresno, Calif. 93710. Data were collected by a number of scientists in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fresno, Calif. Our data analysis and manuscript preparation were supported under Cooperative Aid Agreement PSW-69.

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Sulfur Fertilization of an Annual-Range Soil during Years of Below-Normal Rainfall

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Drainage losses of sulphur from a yellow-grey earth soil

Drainage losses of sulphur from a yellow-grey earth soil

Effect of Sulfur Fertilization on Three Annual Range Species I. Laughlin Soil Experiment¹

Effects of Sulfur Fertilization on Productivity and Botanical Composition of California Annual Grassland

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Sulfur Fertilization of an Annual-Range Soil during Years of Below-Normal Rainfall

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Drainage losses of sulphur from a yellow-grey earth soil

Drainage losses of sulphur from a yellow-grey earth soil

Effect of Sulfur Fertilization on Three Annual Range Species I. Laughlin Soil Experiment1

Effects of Sulfur Fertilization on Productivity and Botanical Composition of California Annual Grassland

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Effect of Sulfur Fertilization on Three Annual Range Species I. Laughlin Soil Experiment¹