Sulfur geochemistry of hydrothermal waters in Yellowstone National Park: IV Acid–sulfate waters

Nordstrom, D. Kirk; McCleskey, R. Blaine; Ball, James W.

doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.019

Cited by 148 publications

(231 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Ballantyne and Moore (1988) pointed out, however, that such correlations should be examined with caution, since they reflect the common behavior of As and Cl in geothermal areas rather than common sources or chemical associations: Cl is generally derived from magmatic gaseous HCl, where as As is derived from host-rock leaching (Webster and Nordstrom, 2003). The San Antonio ratios suggest enrichment of As relative to Cl in SPR1-6, which has also been documented in Yellowstone National Park (Nordstrom et al, 2001), and was attributed to high CO 2 concentrations in the source waters. This may also be possible for SPR1-6, given their high HCO 3 concentrations (Table 1), although these may also at least partly be due to dilution with meteoric waters, as discussed above (Figure 2).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Spring Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry of As-, F- and B-bearing waters in and around San Antonio de los Cobres, Argentina, and implications for drinking and irrigation water quality

Hudson‐Edwards¹,

Archer²

2012

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

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Spring, stream and tap waters from in and around San Antonio de los Cobres, Salta, Argentina, were sampled to characterize their geochemical signatures, and to determine whether they pose a threat to human health and crops. The spring waters are typical of geothermal areas world-wide, in that they are Na-Cl waters with high concentrations of As tot , As(III), Li, B, HCO 3 , F and SiO 2 (up to 9. 49, 8.92, 13.1, 56.6, 1250, 7.30 and 57.2 mg L -1 , respectively), and result from mixing of deep Na-Cl brines and meteoric HCO 3 -rich waters. Springs close to the town of San Antonio have higher concentrations of all elements, and are generally cooler, than springs in the Baños de Agua Caliente. Spring water chemistry is a result of mixing of deep Na-Cl brines and meteoric HCO 3 waters. Stream waters are also Na-Cl type, and receive large inputs of all elements from the springs near San Antonio, but concentrations decrease downstream through the town of San Antonio due to mineral precipitation. The spring that is used as a drinking water source, and other springs in the area, have As, F and B concentrations in excess of WHO and Argentinian drinking water guidelines. Evaluation of the waters for irrigation purposes suggests that their high salinities and B concentrations may adversely affect crops. The waters may be improved for drinking and irrigation by dilution with cleaner meteoric waters, mineral 2 precipitation or by use of commercial filters. Such recommendations could also be followed by other settlements that draw drinking and irrigation waters from geothermal sources.

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Section: Characteristics Of Spring Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry of As-, F- and B-bearing waters in and around San Antonio de los Cobres, Argentina, and implications for drinking and irrigation water quality

Hudson‐Edwards¹,

Archer²

2012

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

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“…and the Russian Kamchatkan peninsula (Eristalinus sepulchralis) [46,100]. Dipteran larvae are mostly found living in and feeding on bacterial mats within sulphide springs, and ephydrid and pyschodid adult flies have been observed feeding and reproducing on these mats as well [45,46,82,101]. Besides dipterans, the only other insects reported from sulphide springs are trichopterans (based on the presence of larval casings in Yellowstone) [101] and hemipterans of the genus Belostoma in Mexico [102].…”

Section: Macroinvertebrates In Sulphide Spring Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperature variation appears to be related in part to the geographic location of springs as well as the ultimate sources of H 2 S production. Sulphide springs are often also characterised by increased concentrations of bicarbonate, calcium sulphate, sodium chloride, and other ions (leading to substantial increases of specific conductivity [39]), and by lower pH likely caused by the presence of sulphuric acid from chemical and bacterial H 2 S oxidation (although pH reductions are dependent on the buffering capacity of the water in the region) [57,76,82]. Finally, upon the discharge of sulphidic water at the surface, H 2 S spontaneously oxidizes in water, causing and aggravating hypoxic conditions in aquatic systems [83,84].…”

Section: Freshwater Sulphide Springs: Occurrence and Environmental Vamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple families of dipterans are represented in sulphide springs, including a species of Ceratopogonidae (Bezzia setulosa) in Yellowstone [97], multiple species of Chironomidae [97,98], a species of Culicidae (Culiseta incidens) in springs of Western North America [99], two species of Ephydridae in California (Thiomyia quatei) and Yellowstone (Ephydra thermophila) [45,82,97], a species of Psychodidae (Pericoma truncate) in California [45], a species of Stratiomyidae (Odontomyia cf. occidentalis) in Yellowstone [82], as well as species of Syrphidae in Israel (Eristalis sp.) and the Russian Kamchatkan peninsula (Eristalinus sepulchralis) [46,100].…”

Section: Macroinvertebrates In Sulphide Spring Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns of Macroinvertebrate and Fish Diversity in Freshwater Sulphide Springs

Greenway

Arias‐Rodríguez²,

Diaz³

et al. 2014

Diversity

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Extreme environments are characterised by the presence of physicochemical stressors and provide unique study systems to address problems in evolutionary ecology research. Sulphide springs provide an example of extreme freshwater environments; because hydrogen sulphide's adverse physiological effects induce mortality in metazoans even at micromolar concentrations. Sulphide springs occur worldwide, but while microbial communities in sulphide springs have received broad attention, little is known about macroinvertebrates and fish inhabiting these toxic environments. We reviewed qualitative occurrence records of sulphide spring faunas on a global scale and present a quantitative case study comparing diversity patterns in sulphidic and adjacent non-sulphidic habitats across replicated river drainages in Southern Mexico. While detailed studies in most regions of the world remain scarce, available data suggests that sulphide spring faunas are characterised by low species richness. Dipterans (among macroinvertebrates) and cyprinodontiforms (among fishes) appear to dominate the communities in these habitats. At least in fish, there is evidence for the presence of highly endemic species and populations exclusively inhabiting sulphide springs. We provide a detailed discussion of traits that might predispose certain taxonomic groups to colonize sulphide springs, how colonizers subsequently adapt to cope with sulphide toxicity, and how adaptation may be linked to speciation processes. OPEN ACCESSDiversity 2014, 6 598

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“…So doing, we provide more theoretical and observational confirmation to our initial attempts to model magmatic gas scrubbing at Icelandic volcanoes and, even more importantly, extend these to higher-temperature hydrothermal interactions. The large mass of previous work on hydrothermal systems has clearly demonstrated that compositions of surface hydrothermal manifestations are controlled by a variety of processes, occurring at both deep reservoir conditions (e.g., fluid-mineral reactions; Giggenbach, 1981Giggenbach, , 1988Reed and Spycher, 1984;Arnórsson, 2000, 2002) and upon ascent of fluids from the reservoir to surface (e.g., boiling, degassing, mixing, oxidation and further water-rock interactions; Arnórsson, 1985;Arnórsson et al, 2007;Fournier, 1989;Kaasalainen and Stefánsson, 2012;Markússon and Stefánsson, 2011;Nordstrom et al, 2009). In comparison to these well characterised processes, the interaction mechanisms (scrubbing) of magmatic volatiles inside hydrothermal reservoirs have received less attention so far, and motivate the present study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction path models of magmatic gas scrubbing

et al. 2016

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Gas-water-rock reactions taking place within volcano-hosted hydrothermal systems scrub reactive, water-soluble species (sulfur, halogens) from the magmatic gas phase, and as such play a major control on the composition of surface gas manifestations. A number of quantitative models of magmatic gas scrubbing have been proposed in the past, but no systematic comparison of model results with observations from natural systems has been carried out, to date. Here, we present the results of novel numerical simulations, in which we initialized models of hydrothermal gaswater-rock at conditions relevant to Icelandic volcanism. We focus on Iceland as an example of a "wet" volcanic region where scrubbing is widespread. Our simulations were performed (using the EQ3/6 software package) at shallow (temperature b 106°C; low-T model runs) and deep hydrothermal reservoir (200-250°C; high-T model runs) conditions. During the simulations, a high-temperature magmatic gas phase was added stepwise to an initial meteoric water, in the presence of a dissolving aquifer rock. At each step, the chemical compositions of coexisting aqueous solution and gas phase were returned by the model. The model-derived aqueous solutions have compositions that describe the maturation path of hydrothermal fluids, from immature, acidic Mg-rich waters, toward Na-Cl-rich mature hydrothermal brines. The modeled compositions are in fair agreement with measured compositions of natural thermal waters and reservoir fluids from Iceland. We additionally show that the composition of the modelgenerated gases is strongly temperature-dependent, and ranges from CO 2(g) -dominated (for temperatures ≤80°C) to H 2 O (g) -dominated (and more H 2 S (g) rich) for temperatures N 100°C. We find that this range of model gas compositions reproduces well the (H 2 O-CO 2 -S TOT ) compositional range of reservoir waters and surface gas emissions in Iceland. From this validation of the model in an extreme end-member environment of high scrubbing, we conclude that EQ3/6-based reaction path simulations offer a realistic representation of gas-water-rock interaction processes occurring underneath active magmatic-hydrothermal systems.

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Sulfur geochemistry of hydrothermal waters in Yellowstone National Park: IV Acid–sulfate waters

Cited by 148 publications

References 54 publications

Geochemistry of As-, F- and B-bearing waters in and around San Antonio de los Cobres, Argentina, and implications for drinking and irrigation water quality

Geochemistry of As-, F- and B-bearing waters in and around San Antonio de los Cobres, Argentina, and implications for drinking and irrigation water quality

Patterns of Macroinvertebrate and Fish Diversity in Freshwater Sulphide Springs

Reaction path models of magmatic gas scrubbing

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