Sulfur‐Immobilized Nitrogen and Oxygen Co–Doped Hierarchically Porous Biomass Carbon for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries: Influence of Sulfur Content and Distribution on Its Performance

Abstract

Hierarchically porous carbon with inherently doped heteroatoms and the quantity of active material (sulfur) confined within this carbon matrix play a major role for the high performance of Li−S batteries. Herein, we discuss the influence of sulfur content and distribution onto the N and O co‐doped hierarchically porous biomass carbon matrix (PC) to achieve high specific capacitance and cycling stability. Sulfur encapsulated PC was prepared from an eco‐friendly source with a high surface area of 2065 m2 g−1 and a pore volume of 1.5 cm3 g−1. PC with 54, 68 & 73% of sulfur content (PCSCs) have been investigated as cathode materials for Li−S battery. PC with 54% sulfur displayed better performance with an initial discharge capacity of 1606 mA h g−1 and a cycling stability of 1269 mA h g−1 at 0.1C rate after 100 cycles due to better dispersion of sulfur in the porous architecture. The higher cycling stability of PCSC (54%) is due to the N and O co‐doped hierarchical porous carbon layers, enhancing the sulfur utilization ratio and mitigating the polysulfide shuttle during the cycling process.

Selected pharmaceuticals removal using algae derived porous carbon: experimental, modeling and DFT theoretical insights

“…1b) peak divided into 3 components, C-C bond (286.4 eV) of sp 3 , O-C]O (289.1 eV), and satellite peaks due to p-p* transitions in aromatic rings exist in PCLD@NaOH (292.0 eV). 57,58 The deconvolution of XPS O 1s peak of PCLD@NaOH revealed 4 components (Fig. 1c), C]O bond (530.8 eV), the peak at 533.6 eV related to ether oxygen atoms in ester and anhydrides, at 535.5 eV is ascribed to the oxygen atoms in the carboxyl groups, and at 537.9 eV is linked to chemisorbed oxygen.…”

“…The peak shown at 398.2 eV is attributed to pyridinic nitrogen; At 400.4 eV showed the pyrrolic; the pyridinic-N oxides were revealed at 402.2 eV, and the contribution of chemisorbed NO x was observed at 406.3 eV. [58][59][60] 3.1.2. FTIR analysis and Boehm titration.…”

Hydrogen Production through Glycerol Photoreforming on TiO2/Mesoporous Carbon: Influence of the Synthetic Method

“…169.4–169.5 eV [ 41 ], associated with sulfate groups (relative percentages of 56.3 and 93.2% for SG1(40%)TiO 2 /MC and SG1(40%)TiO 2 /MC-H, respectively), to the detriment of the signal at ca. 164.1–164.6 eV (which is assigned in the literature to S 8 , aromatic sulfide groups, or C–S) [ 41 , 42 , 43 ].…”

In Situ Nitrogen‐Doping Carbon Aerogel as an Effective Sulfur Host to Immobilize Polysulfides for High Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Battery

“…[1][2][3][4] Lithium-sulfur battery (LSB) has been attracting worldwide attention due to excellent characteristics including high theoretical specific capacity of element sulfur (1675 mAh g À 1 ), [5] high specific energy density (2600 Wh kg À 1 ), [6] environment-friendly [7] and abundant sulfur storage in the nature. [8] Furthermore, LSB has been regarded as one of the most popular systems for the post-lithium secondary battery compared with traditional lithium-ion battery. [9,10] However, there are still several serious issues hampering the development of LSB including "shuttle phenomenon", [11] low Coulombic efficiency [12] and low sulfur utilization.…”