Sulfur isotopes in Icelandic thermal fluids

Gunnarsson-Robin, Jóhann; Stefánsson, Andri; Ono, Shuhei; Torssander, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.01.021

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Based on the above considerations, it was observed that most sources have a sulphated character, and, according to the literature, sulfur would be one of the main components of the thermal and volcanic fluids of the sectors studied. Regarding the above statement, it can be concluded that the rock-fluid interaction controls the sulfide concentrations in the fluids [2]. As mentioned, the sulfur present in volcanic geothermal fluids appears in both the liquid phase and the vapor phase, where the dissolved sulfide and sulphate are present in the liquid phase and sulfide is present in the vapor phase [1].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Regarding the sulphates, they are originated due to the mixture of surface water and magmatic vapor or steam condensation. In fact, such a vapor contains abundant volatile compounds of H 2 S and CO 2 which, when emerging through groundwater to the surface, produce the oxidation of H 2 S to H 2 SO 4 [5,6,15,41] (see equations (2) and 3…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sulfur is one of the main components in the volcanic zones being present in both liquid and vapor phases and either in the form of sulfur and/or sulphate [1]. The origin of sulfur is attributed to the degasification of magma or leaching of rocks, influencing the chemistry of thermal fluids [2]. Hot springs are characterized in their composition by the content of ions and trace elements which are dissolved due to chemical reactions, cation exchange, hydrolysis, natural processes, and redox processes among others, carried out during the water-rock interaction [2][3][4], which establish a thermal character [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The origin of sulfur is attributed to the degasification of magma or leaching of rocks, influencing the chemistry of thermal fluids [2]. Hot springs are characterized in their composition by the content of ions and trace elements which are dissolved due to chemical reactions, cation exchange, hydrolysis, natural processes, and redox processes among others, carried out during the water-rock interaction [2][3][4], which establish a thermal character [5,6]. These natural resources are of great relevance for the geothermal and tourism industry [7,8], mainly in the development of spa and health tourism, keeping in mind that these natural resources have combined customs and traditions of many regional cultures over time [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical-Chemical Characterization and Mineralogic Analysis of Hydrothermal Systems Located in the Coconuco and the San Juan Sectors in Cauca, Colombia

Torres-Cerón

Acosta-Medina

2019

Geofluids

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Hot springs of the volcanic zones are characterized for having high sulfur content in the form of sulphate and other ions resulting from chemical reactions. Sources with these types of elements are of great interest for the tourism and geothermal industry because of their highlighted properties which include therapeutic treatments, relaxation baths, agricultural applications, and preservation of flora and fauna among others. For these reasons, research oriented to carry out the characterization of these factors is of great importance to determine the availability of places with such characteristics. This work shows the characterization of 17 hot spring sources located in the Coconuco and San Juan sectors (Cauca, Colombia, South America). Water samples were taken in May 2017, and laboratory analyses were carried out by the Water Laboratory at Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Manizales, based on the Standard Methods (APHA-AWWA-WEF). Rock samples were taken in November 2017, and laboratory analyses were carried out by the GMAS+ Laboratory (Bogotá, Colombia). The Piper, Stiff, and ternary (Giggenbach) diagrams were used for the classification of major ions. Mineralogy composition was determined through XRD and XRF. Results indicate that most sources are of the sulphated type according to the anions and of the calcium type according to the cations. In concordance with Giggenbach diagrams, most of the sources are immature waters and, despite their interaction with rocks, they have not achieved the equilibrium. Likewise, these sources are of heated vapor type and, considering that they consist of sulphated acid sources, it is not possible to evaluate the reservoir temperatures from Na/K cations. The low Ca2+/Mg2+ ratio in the sources indicates the lack of direct migration of fluids and the high content of Ca2+ and Mg2+ regarding Na+ and K+, which suggests that fluids possibly are mixed with cold waters rich in Ca2+ and Mg2+. From the mineralogic characterization, it was observed that volcanic rocks are composed of cristobalite and albite with TiO2, Fe2O3, and CaO traces and mineral sulfur. Metals like Cr, considered in this case as contaminants, are found in low concentrations in rocks and are not detected in these waters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Physical-Chemical Characterization and Mineralogic Analysis of Hydrothermal Systems Located in the Coconuco and the San Juan Sectors in Cauca, Colombia

Torres-Cerón

Acosta-Medina

2019

Geofluids

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“…The secondary thermal fluids are shallow fluids that generally come from the primary fluids. Such fluids can be of several types, including chlorinated, sulfated acid or carbonated fluids [14][15][16][17][18]. Mineral waters emerge to the surface in a natural way [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geothermal and Mineralogic Analysis of Hot Springs in the Puracé-La Mina Sector in Cauca, Colombia

Torres-Cerón

Acosta-Medina

2019

Geofluids

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Thermal waters are natural resources of great value to geothermal sciences, the tourism industry, and health. In this work, geochemical classification of physicochemical results of 17 sources at the Puracé-La Mina (Cauca, Colombia) sector was implemented in order to strengthen and determine their potential applications and enhance the continental tourism in Colombia. The analyzed parameters were developed following the Standard Methods 22nd edition, at Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Manizales. According to the results obtained by means of a geochemical classification, it was found that most of the sources have a sulfated-acid nature which makes them heated vapor waters and volcanic waters. Likewise, it was observed that all the sources are immature waters and still do not reach chemical equilibrium. On the other hand, mineralogical and chemical characterization by means of XRD and XRF showed a high content of silica isomorphous minerals with a low concentration. In addition, the presence of Fe2O3 was observed, which is insoluble at pH > 5 and remains in the rock. Nevertheless, considering that mine sources possess pH ± 2 and temperatures of 40°C, leaching is possible for iron justifying its presence in the water. Instead, elements like Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ have high mobility at the conditions of mine sources (low pH) as a consequence of hydrolysis processes, which produce variations in water composition.

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Hydrothermal mineral assemblages of calcite and dolomite–analcime–pyrite in Permian lacustrine Lucaogou mudstones, eastern Junggar Basin, Northwest China

et al. 2020

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The eastern Junggar Basin, controlled by continental extension (rift), was deposited by lacustrine dominated sediments during middle Permian Lucaogou period. An unusual porphyritic-like texture was observed in Lucaogou/Pingdiquan dark fine-grained organic-rich sediments in two sub-tectonic units in the basin. The “phenocrysts” are composed of two types of mineral assemblages. The first is a coarse euhedral calcite assemblage in the Jimusar Sag, and the second consists of dolomite, analcime, and pyrite in the Shishugou Sag. The lithological and mineralogical features indicate a hydrothermal origin for these phenocryst-like minerals. The chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns show flat or positive Ce anomalies and negative Eu anomalies, which reflect a suboxic to anoxic, off-axis site from the center of the fault system, where the temperature of the hydrothermal fluid might be less than 250 °C. The high ratios of BaN/LaN at 1.6–65.5, strongly positive Sr anomalies at Sr/Sr* = 5.54–39.9, and relatively low 87Sr/86Sr isotopes at 0.705002–0.705776 in the coarse calcite suggest an origin of mixed sources of lake water, underlying biogenetic sediments, and deep magmatic water. However, the low 87Sr/ 86Sr ratios of 0.705321–0.705968 in the dolomite and δ34SV-CDT of 10.8‰–12.3‰ in the pyrite indicate that water–underlying-rock interaction and the abiotic thermochemical sulfate reduction of lake water or organic matter might have participated together resulting in the precipitation of the dolomite–analcime–pyrite assemblages in the Shishugou Sag.

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Sulfur isotopes in Icelandic thermal fluids

Cited by 25 publications

References 45 publications

Physical-Chemical Characterization and Mineralogic Analysis of Hydrothermal Systems Located in the Coconuco and the San Juan Sectors in Cauca, Colombia

Physical-Chemical Characterization and Mineralogic Analysis of Hydrothermal Systems Located in the Coconuco and the San Juan Sectors in Cauca, Colombia

Geothermal and Mineralogic Analysis of Hot Springs in the Puracé-La Mina Sector in Cauca, Colombia

Hydrothermal mineral assemblages of calcite and dolomite–analcime–pyrite in Permian lacustrine Lucaogou mudstones, eastern Junggar Basin, Northwest China

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