Oxoiron(IV) species are a critical intermediate in the Fe‐based Fenton‐like process at circumneutral pH, and its oxidative reactivity is closely related to the ligands. An optional inorganic host material, MoS2, is selected to construct a highly reactive sulfur ligand coordinated Fe species in this work. The Fe species doped in MoS2 is presented as the FeII centre and triggers the transformation of the 2H phase to the octahedral 1T phase MoS2. The role of the interaction between doped Fe and the MoS2 host lattice on the formation of oxoiron(IV) is studied. A significant Fenton‐like reactivity and a remarkable accumulation of oxoiron(IV) species were observed for Fe‐MoS2. The quenching experiment was implemented to disclose the predominant role of oxoiron(IV) species in the Fe‐MoS2/H2O2 Fenton‐like system. Furthermore, oxoiron(IV) species could transform into the ⋅O2− and 1O2, which further expedites the Fenton‐like reaction.