Sulfur Metabolism in Phototrophic Bacteria

Dahl, Christiane

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-51365-2_2

Cited by 64 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…Elemental sulfur produced by the incomplete oxidation of sulfide or thiosulfate under lower pH was excreted outside of the cells of H. thermophilus strain S5 and formed sulfur globules (Figure 3 ). Generally, elemental sulfur produced in the periplasm can also be transported into the cytoplasm for further oxidation, which is usually performed by the dissimilatory sulfite reductase ( DsrAB ) or a heterodisulfide reductase ( Hdr )-like enzyme (Dahl, 2009 ; Gregersen et al, 2011 ). Moreover, sulfur carrier proteins Rhd, TusA and DsrEFH were found to be involved in sulfur transfer from persulfide intermediates to DsrAB (Stockdreher et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur Metabolism of Hydrogenovibrio thermophilus Strain S5 and Its Adaptations to Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Environment

Jiang

Lyu²,

Shao³

2017

Front. Microbiol.

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Hydrogenovibrio bacteria are ubiquitous in global deep-sea hydrothermal vents. However, their adaptations enabling survival in these harsh environments are not well understood. In this study, we characterized the physiology and metabolic mechanisms of Hydrogenovibrio thermophilus strain S5, which was first isolated from an active hydrothermal vent chimney on the Southwest Indian Ridge. Physiological characterizations showed that it is a microaerobic chemolithomixotroph that can utilize sulfide, thiosulfate, elemental sulfur, tetrathionate, thiocyanate or hydrogen as energy sources and molecular oxygen as the sole electron acceptor. During thiosulfate oxidation, the strain produced extracellular sulfur globules 0.7–6.0 μm in diameter that were mainly composed of elemental sulfur and carbon. Some organic substrates including amino acids, tryptone, yeast extract, casamino acids, casein, acetate, formate, citrate, propionate, tartrate, succinate, glucose and fructose can also serve as carbon sources, but growth is weaker than under CO2 conditions, indicating that strain S5 prefers to be chemolithoautotrophic. None of the tested organic carbons could function as energy sources. Growth tests under various conditions confirmed its adaption to a mesophilic mixing zone of hydrothermal vents in which vent fluid was mixed with cold seawater, preferring moderate temperatures (optimal 37°C), alkaline pH (optimal pH 8.0), microaerobic conditions (optimal 4% O2), and reduced sulfur compounds (e.g., sulfide, optimal 100 μM). Comparative genomics showed that strain S5 possesses more complex sulfur metabolism systems than other members of genus Hydrogenovibrio. The genes encoding the intracellular sulfur oxidation protein (DsrEF) and assimilatory sulfate reduction were first reported in the genus Hydrogenovibrio. In summary, the versatility in energy and carbon sources, and unique physiological properties of this bacterium have facilitated its adaptation to deep-sea hydrothermal vent environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur Metabolism of Hydrogenovibrio thermophilus Strain S5 and Its Adaptations to Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Environment

Jiang

Lyu²,

Shao³

2017

Front. Microbiol.

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“… 2006 ). l Purple sulfur bacteria can use H 2 S, S 0 and other sulfur compounds during photoautotrophic growth (Dahl 2017 ), Chromatium vinosum is a well-studied example (Dahl 2017 ). There are also photoferrotrophic purple sulfur bacteria such as Thiodictyon (Hegler et al.…”

Section: The Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A physiological perspective on the origin and evolution of photosynthesis

Martin

Bryant

Beatty

2017

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

124

113

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The origin and early evolution of photosynthesis are reviewed from an ecophysiological perspective. Earth's first ecosystems were chemotrophic, fueled by geological H2 at hydrothermal vents and, required flavin-based electron bifurcation to reduce ferredoxin for CO2 fixation. Chlorophyll-based phototrophy (chlorophototrophy) allowed autotrophs to generate reduced ferredoxin without electron bifurcation, providing them access to reductants other than H2. Because high-intensity, short-wavelength electromagnetic radiation at Earth's surface would have been damaging for the first chlorophyll (Chl)-containing cells, photosynthesis probably arose at hydrothermal vents under low-intensity, long-wavelength geothermal light. The first photochemically active pigments were possibly Zn-tetrapyrroles. We suggest that (i) after the evolution of red-absorbing Chl-like pigments, the first light-driven electron transport chains reduced ferredoxin via a type-1 reaction center (RC) progenitor with electrons from H2S; (ii) photothioautotrophy, first with one RC and then with two, was the bridge between H2-dependent chemolithoautotrophy and water-splitting photosynthesis; (iii) photothiotrophy sustained primary production in the photic zone of Archean oceans; (iv) photosynthesis arose in an anoxygenic cyanobacterial progenitor; (v) Chl a is the ancestral Chl; and (vi), anoxygenic chlorophototrophic lineages characterized so far acquired, by horizontal gene transfer, RCs and Chl biosynthesis with or without autotrophy, from the architects of chlorophototrophy—the cyanobacterial lineage.

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“…Therefore, sulfur bacteria are responsible for energy production, which helps to maintain the community structure [51]. Bacteria oxidize sulfur compounds for autotrophic CO 2 fixation in reducing habitats (e.g., hydrothermal systems) and play a critical role in primary production and sulfur transformation [52,53]. The taxa that were retrieved by metabarcoding analysis (Table S3) showed sulfate or sulfite reducing bacteria, as well as anaerobic, microaerophilic and thermotolerant or thermophilic organisms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquatic Thermal Reservoirs of Microbial Life in a Remote and Extreme High Andean Hydrothermal System

et al. 2020

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Hydrothermal systems are ideal to understand how microbial communities cope with challenging conditions. Lirima, our study site, is a polyextreme, high-altitude, hydrothermal ecosystem located in the Chilean Andean highlands. Herein, we analyze the benthic communities of three nearby springs in a gradient of temperature (42–72 °C represented by stations P42, P53, and P72) and pH, and we characterize their microbial diversity by using bacteria 16S rRNA (V4) gene metabarcoding and 16S rRNA gene clone libraries (bacteria and archaea). Bacterial clone libraries of P42 and P53 springs showed that the community composition was mainly represented by phototrophic bacteria (Chlorobia, 3%, Cyanobacteria 3%, at P42; Chlorobia 5%, and Chloroflexi 5% at P53), Firmicutes (32% at P42 and 43% at P53) and Gammaproteobacteria (13% at P42 and 29% at P53). Furthermore, bacterial communities that were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding were characterized by an overall predominance of Chloroflexi in springs with lower temperatures (33% at P42), followed by Firmicutes in hotter springs (50% at P72). The archaeal diversity of P42 and P53 were represented by taxa belonging to Crenarchaeota, Diapherotrites, Nanoarchaeota, Hadesarchaeota, Thaumarchaeota, and Euryarchaeota. The microbial diversity of the Lirima hydrothermal system is represented by groups from deep branches of the tree of life, suggesting this ecosystem as a reservoir of primitive life and a key system to study the processes that shaped the evolution of the biosphere.

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Sulfur Metabolism in Phototrophic Bacteria

Cited by 64 publications

References 159 publications

Sulfur Metabolism of Hydrogenovibrio thermophilus Strain S5 and Its Adaptations to Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Environment

Sulfur Metabolism of Hydrogenovibrio thermophilus Strain S5 and Its Adaptations to Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Environment

A physiological perspective on the origin and evolution of photosynthesis

Aquatic Thermal Reservoirs of Microbial Life in a Remote and Extreme High Andean Hydrothermal System

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