Sulfur removal from model fuel by Zn impregnated retorted shale and with assistance of design of experiments

Abstract

There is global concern about acid rain and other pollution which is caused by the consumption of oil. By decreasing sulfur content in the oil, we can reduce unwanted emissions and acid rain. Shale was used which is a solid waste generated in the pyrolysis of shale, impregnated with Zn as an adsorbent which removes sulfur present in fuels from the hexane/toluene model solution. An influence of the agitation time (60-180 min), temperature (25-35 °C), adsorbent mass (0.1-0.25 g), and initial sulfur concentration (100-250 ppm) factorial 24 with three central points totaling 19 experiments was applied to investigate the effect of the variables on the efficiency of sulfur removal in fuels. The values of the parameters tested for maximum sulfur removal were obtained as follows: contact time = 180 min, temperature = 35 °C, adsorbent mass = 0.25 g, and initial sulfur concentration = 100 ppm. The mathematical model proposed with R 99.97% satisfied the experimental data. This may provide a theoretical basis for new research and alternative uses for tailings of schist industrialization in order to evaluate its potential.

Review of Adsorptive Desulfurization of Liquid Fuels and Regeneration Attempts

“…Such adsorbents show the maximum sulfur adsorption capacity in the range of 2.0–18 mg/g over the initial concentration range of 100–600 ppm. In general, metal doping results in a relatively larger adsorption capacity (2.0–62.0 mg/g sulfur) over the S concentration range of 20–1000 ppm. ,,,,,− …”

Effect of Hydroxylation and Carboxylation on the Catalytic Activity of Fe2O3/Graphene for Oxidative Desulfurization and Denitration

“…Therefore, it is urgent to strengthen the control of SO 2 and NO in flue gas. Many countries have issued strict standards to control the emission of SO 2 and NO below 50 ppm [3,4], which has prompted extensive efforts to develop effective technologies to reduce or remove these toxic gases [5]. The technologies that have been developed include wet flue gas desulfurization, dry sorbent injection, spray dryer absorption for desulfurization [6], low nitrogen oxide combustion technology, selective catalytic reduction (SCR), and selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR) for denitration [7].…”

Synergy Effect of Nitrogen and Molybdenum on Activated Carbon Matrix for Selective Adsorptive Desulfurization: Insights into Surface Chemistry Modification

“…Owing to the deleterious impact of sulfur compounds, the concern authorities in a number of countries set stringent regulations to limit the concentration of sulfur present in industrial and transportation fuels, which becomes stricter with time. The highest permissible sulfur content has been set to 10 ppm and 15 ppm for gasoline and diesel oil respectively in countries like US, EU and Japan (de Lima et al 2018).…”