Sulphonated cobalt phthalocyanine–MCM-41: An active photocatalyst for degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol

Zanjanchi, Mohammad Ali; Ebrahimian, Arash; Arvand, Majid

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.108

Cited by 115 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Consequently, direct dispersion of MPcs in solvent will reduce their catalytic activity. In practical applications, MPcs are often attached to inert and insoluble supports (Sorokin and Tuel 1999;Chen et al 2007Chen et al , 2009Chang et al 2009;Ratnasamy and Srinivas 2009;Zanjanchi et al 2010). Heterogeneous catalysts provide significant advantages in easy separation of catalysts from reaction products, re-use of catalysts in subsequent oxidations, simplified product purification processes, and reduction of inactive phthalocyanine molecule aggregates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a spacer on phthalocyanine functionalized cellulose nanofiber mats for decolorizing reactive dye wastewater

Chen

Huang

2012

Cellulose

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We report a novel cobalt tetraaminophthalocyanine (CoPc) functionalized nanomaterial by spacer-arm immobilization of CoPc onto cellulose nanofiber mats. The spacer-arm was attached through the reaction of tetraethylenepentamine with oxidized cellulose nanofiber mats. CoPc was then covalently immobilized onto the spacer-arm using glutaraldehyde. The functionalization processes on the nanofiber mats were monitored by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This CoPc functionalized nanomaterial (CoPc-spacer-NM) was used for decoloration of reactive dye wastewater. Incorporation of the spacer-arm resulted in enhanced decoloration with respect to directly immobilized CoPc onto the cellulose nanofiber mats (CoPc-NM). Compared with CoPc-NM, CoPc-spacer-NM shows much higher adsorption capacity when conducted under acidic conditions, which enhances the catalytic oxidation rate of reactive dye when H 2 O 2 was used as an oxidant. Reactive dye wastewater can also be efficiently decolorized by the CoPc-spacer-NM/H 2 O 2 system under basic conditions, despite a relatively weak adsorption capacity. Electron paramagnetic resonance results suggested that the catalytic oxidation process involves the formation and reaction of hydroxyl radicals. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed the main products of the catalytic oxidation of reactive red X-3B were biodegradable aliphatic acids, such as oxalic acid, malonic acid and maleic acid.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a spacer on phthalocyanine functionalized cellulose nanofiber mats for decolorizing reactive dye wastewater

Chen

Huang

2012

Cellulose

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“…Anchoring of them onto solid substrates provides a promising approach to overcome such drawbacks. Potential methods were investigated for the anchoring of MPcs onto various substrates (Sorokin and Tuel 1999;Chen et al 2007;Chang et al 2009;Lu et al 2009a;Ratnasamy and Srinivas 2009;Shen et al 2010;Zanjanchi et al 2010). The microstructure of substrates have a great impact on the performance of the immobilized MPcs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of cellulose nanofiber mats with phthalocyanine for decoloration of reactive dye wastewater

Chen

Huang

2011

Cellulose

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A versatile method is reported for the preparation of cellulose nanofiber mats immobilized with cobalt tetraaminophthalocyanine (CoPc). This functionalized cellulose nanomaterial was used as an efficient catalyst for the decoloration of reactive dye wastewater. Cellulose acetate was electrospun into nanofiber mats (CA-NM), hydrolyzed with KOH, and then oxidized by NaIO 4 to generate aldehyde groups for CoPc immobilization. The functionalization processes on the nanofiber mats were monitored by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR/FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). We found these CoPc-functionalized nanofiber mats (CoPc-NM) have high adsorption capacity for reactive dye from synthetic wastewater, which enhances the catalytic oxidation rate of reactive dye when H 2 O 2 is present as oxidant. More than 90% of reactive red X-3B can be eliminated by CoPc-NM/H 2 O 2 in 90 min. UV and GC-MS analyses indicate the catalytic oxidation not only breaking the azo linkages but also decomposing the aromatic parts of reactive red X-3B, and the main products are biodegradable aliphatic acids, such as fumaric acid, succinic acid, and maleic acid, etc. Repetitive measurements also show that this CoPc-NM is quite stable and remains efficient with no obvious decrease of catalytic activity.

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“…In the heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation reactions, the degradation of toxic organic pollutants is affected by the catalyst dose. Increasing the dose increases the oxidation and degradation rate, but affects light transmission and increases cost [20]. Consequently, it is necessary to meet the catalytic activity requirements with minimum catalyst dose.…”

Section: Photocatalytic Degradation Of Toxic Organic Pollutants By Immentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalysis of organic pollutant photodegradation by metal phthalocyanines immobilized on TiO2@SiO2

et al. 2011

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A TiO 2 @SiO 2 hybrid support was prepared by the sol-precipitation method using n-octylamine as a template. The photocatalyst manganese phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid (MnPcS) was immobilized on the support to form MnPcS-TiO 2 @SiO 2 . X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS) were employed to characterize the catalyst. The photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) and the catalytic oxidation of o-phenylenediamine (OPDA) under visible light irradiation were used as probe reactions. The mineralization efficiency and the degradation mechanism were evaluated using chemical oxygen demand (COD Cr ) assays and electron spin resonance (ESR), respectively. RhB was efficiently degraded by immobilized MnPcS-TiO 2 @SiO 2 under visible light irradiation. Complete decolorization of RhB occurred after 240 min of irradiation and 64.02% COD Cr removal occurred after 24 h of irradiation. ESR results indicated that the oxidation process was dominated by the hydroxyl radical (·OH) and superoxide radical (O 2 −· ) generated in the system.

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Sulphonated cobalt phthalocyanine–MCM-41: An active photocatalyst for degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol

Cited by 115 publications

References 69 publications

Effect of a spacer on phthalocyanine functionalized cellulose nanofiber mats for decolorizing reactive dye wastewater

Effect of a spacer on phthalocyanine functionalized cellulose nanofiber mats for decolorizing reactive dye wastewater

Functionalization of cellulose nanofiber mats with phthalocyanine for decoloration of reactive dye wastewater

Catalysis of organic pollutant photodegradation by metal phthalocyanines immobilized on TiO2@SiO2

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