Sulphur dioxide emission rates from Yasur volcano, Vanuatu archipelago

Bani, Philipson; Lardy, Michel

doi:10.1029/2007gl030411

Cited by 36 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Yasur, a cinder cone, also displays semi-continuous activity and has reportedly also caused acid rain and vegetation damage. This volcano appears to be a less fluoride-rich system than Ambrym volcano, and Yasur's emission of gases is much less vigorous than Ambrym (less than 8 kg/s SO 2 in 2004/5 [Bani and Lardy 2007]). Malakula, Tongoa, and Tanna are also identified in Fig.…”

Section: Malakula Tongoa and Tannamentioning

confidence: 97%

Dental fluorosis linked to degassing of Ambrym volcano, Vanuatu: a novel exposure pathway

Allibone

Cronin

Charley

et al. 2010

Environ Geochem Health

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Ambrym in Vanuatu is a persistently degassing island volcano whose inhabitants harvest rainwater for their potable water needs. The findings from this study indicate that dental fluorosis is prevalent in the population due to fluoride contamination of rainwater by the volcanic plume. A dental survey was undertaken of 835 children aged 6-18 years using the Dean's Index of Fluorosis. Prevalence of dental fluorosis was found to be 96% in the target area of West Ambrym, 71% in North Ambrym, and 61% in Southeast Ambrym. This spatial distribution appears to reflect the prevailing winds and rainfall patterns on the island. Severe cases were predominantly in West Ambrym, the most arid part of the island, and the most commonly affected by the volcanic plume. Over 50 km downwind, on a portion of Malakula Island, the dental fluorosis prevalence was 85%, with 36% prevalence on Tongoa Island, an area rarely affected by volcanic emissions. Drinking water samples from West Ambrym contained fluoride levels from 0.7 to 9.5 ppm F (average 4.2 ppm F, n = 158) with 99% exceeding the recommended concentration of 1.0 ppm F. The pathway of fluoride-enriched rainwater impacting upon human health as identified in this study has not previously been recognised in the aetiology of fluorosis. This is an important consideration for populations in the vicinity of degassing volcanoes, particularly where rainwater comprises the primary potable water supply for humans or animals.

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Section: Malakula Tongoa and Tannamentioning

confidence: 97%

Dental fluorosis linked to degassing of Ambrym volcano, Vanuatu: a novel exposure pathway

Allibone

Cronin

Charley

et al. 2010

Environ Geochem Health

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“…Open-vent magmatic degassing at this volcano sustains a strong gas plume (Allard et al 2008;Bani et al 2009). Yasur (southern Vanuatu, Tanna Island) is one of the world's most active volcanoes, and is characterised by persistent strombolian activity and degassing, producing an ash-laden plume whose compositional features have only recently been characterised (Bani and Lardy 2007). Soufriere Hills volcano is a dominantly andesitic volcano on the small Caribbean island of Montserrat, in the northern of the Lesser Antilles Volcanic Arc.…”

Section: Study Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

New clues on the contribution of Earth’s volcanism to the global mercury cycle

et al. 2010

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Active volcanoes are thought to be important contributors to the atmospheric mercury (Hg) budget, and this chemical element is one of the most harmful atmospheric pollutants, owing to its high toxicity and long residence time in ecosystems. There is, however, considerable uncertainty over the magnitude of the global volcanic Hg flux, since the existing data on volcanogenic Hg emissions are sparse and often ambiguous. In an attempt to extend the currently limited dataset on volcanogenic Hg emissions, we summarize the results of Hg flux measurements at seven active open-conduit volcanoes; Stromboli, Asama, Miyakejima, Montserrat, Ambrym, Yasur, and Nyiragongo.. Data from the domebuilding Soufriere Hills volcano are also reported. Using our determined mercury to SO 2 mass ratios in tandem with the simultaneously-determined SO 2 emission rates, we estimate that the 7 volcanoes have Hg emission rates ranging from 0.2 to 18 t yr -1 (corresponding to a total Hg flux of~41 t·yr -1 ). Based on our dataset and previous work, we propose that a Hg/SO 2 plume ratio~10 -5 is bestrepresentative of gas emissions from quiescent degassing volcanoes. Using this ratio, we infer a global volcanic Hg flux from persistent degassing of~95 t·yr -1 .

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“…Magmatic gases, mostly SO 2 , are continuously released from three vents in Yasur's crater and typically rise to heights of 700-900 m before being carried to the northwest by trade winds (Bani et al, 2012). Measurements made by Bani and Lardy (2007) and Bani et al (2012) The nearest other aerosol sources to Yasur are just under 400 km away, at the volcanoes of Lopevi (156 Mg day −1 SO 2 ) and Ambrym (5440 Mg day −1 SO 2 ) (Bani et al, 2012). Yasur is close to being a sea-level point SO 2 source, with a summit elevation of just 361 m. We therefore expect any orographic effects to be minimal.…”

Section: Yasur Vanuatumentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic satellite observations of the impact of aerosols from passive volcanic degassing on local cloud properties

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The impact of volcanic emissions, especially from passive degassing and minor explosions, is a source of uncertainty in estimations of aerosol indirect effects. Observations of the impact of volcanic aerosol on clouds contribute to our understanding of both present-day atmospheric properties and of the pre-industrial baseline necessary to assess aerosol radiative forcing. We present systematic measurements over several years at multiple active and inactive volcanic islands in regions of low present-day aerosol burden. The time-averaged indirect aerosol effects within 200 km downwind of island volcanoes are observed using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS, 2002–2013) and Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR, 2002–2008) data. Retrievals of aerosol and cloud properties at Kīlauea (Hawai'i), Yasur (Vanuatu) and Piton de la Fournaise (la Réunion) are rotated about the volcanic vent to be parallel to wind direction, so that upwind and downwind retrievals can be compared. The emissions from all three volcanoes – including those from passive degassing, Strombolian activity and minor explosions – lead to measurably increased aerosol optical depth downwind of the active vent. Average cloud droplet effective radius is lower downwind of the volcano in all cases, with the peak difference ranging from 2–8 μm at the different volcanoes in different seasons. Estimations of the difference in Top of Atmosphere upward Short Wave flux upwind and downwind of the active volcanoes from NASA's Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) suggest a downwind elevation of between 10 and 45 Wm−2 at distances of 150–400 km from the volcano, with much greater local (< 80 km) effects. Comparison of these observations with cloud properties at isolated islands without degassing or erupting volcanoes suggests that these patterns are not purely orographic in origin. Our observations of unpolluted, isolated marine settings may capture processes similar to those in the pre-industrial marine atmosphere.

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Sulphur dioxide emission rates from Yasur volcano, Vanuatu archipelago

Cited by 36 publications

References 22 publications

Dental fluorosis linked to degassing of Ambrym volcano, Vanuatu: a novel exposure pathway

Dental fluorosis linked to degassing of Ambrym volcano, Vanuatu: a novel exposure pathway

New clues on the contribution of Earth’s volcanism to the global mercury cycle

Systematic satellite observations of the impact of aerosols from passive volcanic degassing on local cloud properties

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