Sulphur-doped porous carbon from a thiophene-based twin monomer

Böttger‐Hiller, Falko; Mehner, Alexander; Anders, Susann; Kroll, Lothar; Cox, Gerhard; Simon, Frank; Spange, Stefan

doi:10.1039/c2cc35112a

Cited by 59 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…[6,29,32] The electrocatalytic activity of Phen-HS toward the ORR was first evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments in 0.1 m KOH electrolyte. [6,29,32] The electrocatalytic activity of Phen-HS toward the ORR was first evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments in 0.1 m KOH electrolyte.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As-synthesized Phen-HS, which possesses excellent mesoporosity and ah igh Nc ontent, is expected to be used in the ORR andi ns upercapacitors. [6,29,32] The electrocatalytic activity of Phen-HS toward the ORR was first evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments in 0.1 m KOH electrolyte. As shown in Figure 6, aquasirectangular voltammogram withoutany significant redoxp eak within the potential range of À1.0 to + 0.2 Vw as observed in the N 2 -saturated solution; the quasirectangular voltammogram is typicalofh igh surfacea rea carbonsa nd supercapacitorp erformance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protic‐Salt‐Derived Nitrogen/Sulfur‐Codoped Mesoporous Carbon for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction and Supercapacitors

Zhang¹,

Ikoma²,

Ueno³

et al. 2015

ChemSusChem

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Nitrogen/sulfur-co-doped mesoporous carbon (Phen-HS) was obtained through direct carbonization of a single protic salt, that is, 1,10-phenanthrolinium dibisulfate ([Phen][2 HSO4 ]), in the presence of a colloidal silica template without the use of additional acid or metal catalysts for prepolymerization prior to carbonization. Phen-HS was prepared in a relatively high yield (30.0 %) and has a large surface area (1161 m(2) g(-1) ), large pore volume (2.490 cm(3) g(-1) ), large mesopores (≈12 nm), narrow pore-size distribution (7-16 nm), and high nitrogen (7.5 at %) and sulfur (1.3 at %) contents. The surface area/pore-size distribution is much higher/narrower than that of most reported carbon materials obtained from traditional precursors by using the same template. Phen-HS was directly used as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and as an electrode material for supercapacitors. As an efficient metal-free catalyst, Phen-HS exhibited good electrocatalytic activity toward the ORR in a 0.1 M KOH aqueous solution, which is comparable to the activity of a commercial Pt/C catalyst. Electrochemical measurements for Phen-HS used in a double-layer capacitor showed high specific capacitances of 160 and 140 F g(-1) in 1 M H2 SO4 and 6 M KOH, respectively, with good rate capabilities and high cycling stabilities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protic‐Salt‐Derived Nitrogen/Sulfur‐Codoped Mesoporous Carbon for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction and Supercapacitors

Zhang¹,

Ikoma²,

Ueno³

et al. 2015

ChemSusChem

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“…In that particular research finding, aerosil was used as spherical hard template or substrate to polymerize twin monomers on the surface . The hybrid materials were then carbonized and later on, the silica portion was washed away by hydrofluoric acid treatment to get porous carbon spheres . These porous carbon spheres were exploited as carbon substrate, which was mixed with sulfur to form carbon–sulfur cathodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[43] The hybrid materials were then carbonized and later on, the silica portion was washed away by hydrofluoric acid treatment to get porous carbon spheres. [43,46,47] These porous carbon spheres were exploited as carbon substrate, which was mixed with sulfur to form carbon-sulfur cathodes. In this case, methane sulfonic acid was adsorbed on the aerosil particles, which catalyzed the twin polymerization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Porous Carbon Cathode for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries Using Carbon Derived from Hybrid Materials Synthesized by Twin Polymerization

Choudhury

Ebert

Windberg

et al. 2018

Part & Part Syst Charact

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A new route of fabrication of cathodes for lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries with high cycle stability is reported. The cathodes are fabricated using porous carbon materials obtained from hybrid materials synthesized by twin polymerization on sulfonated polystyrene microparticles. The sulfonic acid groups act as room temperature catalyst for twin polymerization resulting in the formation of nanostructured phenolic resin/silica hybrid materials on the surface of sulfonated polystyrene particles. The shell formed by phenolic resin is transformed into carbon by simple pyrolysis and the polystyrene core is decomposed simultaneously at the pyrolysis temperature yielding porous carbon/silica nanocomposite hollow spheres. After silica removal, a hierarchical, highly porous carbon is obtained. Melt mixing of the carbon with sulfur is used for the fabrication of cathodes for Li–S batteries. The presence of silica on one hand imposes strength to the sphere wall during the carbonization and depolymerization of polystyrene, and on the other hand generates microporous carbon material for lithium–sulfur batteries. The nanostructured hybrid cathode allows very high capacity of 800–1000 mAh gsulfur −1 and remarkable reversible cycling stability and rate capability over 200 cycles at 0.1C rate and over 440 cycles at 1C rate for Li–S batteries.

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“…Modification of CNTs has thus led to the creation of new functional and construction materials. 11 Doping of the carbonaceous materials with non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] boron, [20][21][22][23][24] sulphur, [25][26][27][28][29] oxygen [30][31][32][33][34][35][36] and halogens 11,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] has been explored over the past two decades. Modification of the carbon surface and electronic properties has also been explored but the effect of chlorine (Cl) on the morphology of carbon nanomaterials is not well established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The synthesis of carbon nanomaterials using chlorinated hydrocarbons over a Fe-Co/CaCO3 catalyst

Maboya¹,

Coville²,

Mhlanga³

2016

S.Afr.j.chem.

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The effect of chlorine on the morphology of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) prepared from a Fe-Co/CaCO 3 catalyst was investigated using chlorobenzene (CB), dichlorobenzene (DCB), trichlorobenzene (TCB), dichloroethane (DCE), trichloroethane (TCE) and tetrachloroethane (TTCE) as chlorine sources using a catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CCVD) method. Toluene was used as a chlorine-free carbon source for comparison. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were successfully synthesized. The physicochemical properties of the CNTs were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The inner and outer diameters of the MWCNTs increased with an increase in the number of chlorine atoms contained in the reactant. Chlorine incorporation into the MWCNTs was observed by EDS analysis for all reactants. Formation of 'bamboo-like' structures for the MWCNTs generated from TCE and TTCE was also observed, facilitated by the presence of the high percentage of chlorine in these reactants. Numerous MWCNTs revealed the presence of small carbon nanostructures that grew on top of the dominant CNTs, suggesting an unexpected secondary carbon growth mechanism.

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Sulphur-doped porous carbon from a thiophene-based twin monomer

Cited by 59 publications

References 18 publications

Protic‐Salt‐Derived Nitrogen/Sulfur‐Codoped Mesoporous Carbon for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction and Supercapacitors

Protic‐Salt‐Derived Nitrogen/Sulfur‐Codoped Mesoporous Carbon for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction and Supercapacitors

Hierarchical Porous Carbon Cathode for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries Using Carbon Derived from Hybrid Materials Synthesized by Twin Polymerization

The synthesis of carbon nanomaterials using chlorinated hydrocarbons over a Fe-Co/CaCO3 catalyst

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