Sulphur reduction evaluation of selected high-sulphur Chinese coals

Shah, C L; Abbott, Joy; Miles, N.J.; Li, Xuejun; Xu, Jianping

doi:10.1016/s0016-2361(01)00148-x

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Average sulfur content in different states of NE region ranges between 2% and 4%, which is 4-8 times higher than average Indian coals. However, sulfur content of these coals is comparable to those of Chinese coals (4.8-5.1) [15]. We have taken 2% as minimum and 4% as maximum sulfur content for calculation purpose.…”

Section: Emission Factor and Rate For Somentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of emissions of SO₂, PM_2.5, and metals released from coke ovens using high sulfur coals

Khare

Baruah

2011

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Coal combustion processes have inherent characteristics that lead to the release of both gaseous and particulate matter in the atmosphere that have primary and secondary impact on air quality, human health, and climate. Coals from Northeastern region of India have high sulfur, low ash, and high volatile matter. In the present investigation, sulfur, metals and ash contents of feed coals were considered for making an emission inventory for these coals. For the calculation of emission factors of SO 2 and metals, mass balance method was used, while for PM 2.5 , measured values near the coke ovens were taken. The emission factors and emission rates of SO 2 for coke ovens ranged between 0.80 to 4.8 Kg/t and 204 to 1226 t/yr respectively. The emission factors for PM 2.5 , total carbon (TC), black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) varied between 0.7 to 3 Kg/t, 0.48 to 2.1 Kg/t, 0.007 to 0.03 Kg/t and 0.47 to 2.1 Kg/t, respectively. Total emissions for PM 2.5 , TC, BC and OC ranged between 72-306 t/yr, 49-217 t/yr, 0.71-2.9 t/yr and 48-214 t/yr, respectively. Emission rates of metals (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Sn, Te, Hg, Pb, and Bi) showed dependency on the volatility of the metals, condition of coke ovens (reductive) and rank of coal. Present investigation provides preliminary information on source profile of coke oven emissions (SO 2 , PM 2.5 and trace metals) which is useful for assessing the impact of coke oven on ambient air quality, source apportionment study in the area and for designing the coke ovens to regulate the emissions.

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Section: Emission Factor and Rate For Somentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of emissions of SO₂, PM_2.5, and metals released from coke ovens using high sulfur coals

Khare

Baruah

2011

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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“…The fixed carbon content of Valle is lower (38.8%) than that of Antioquia (46.4%). Valle is a high-sulfur coal (>3%), and coal washing has been shown to reduce sulfur content by 30–50% . The high ash and sulfur contents of Valle make it an ideal candidate for coal washing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading of Low-Grade Colombian Coals via Low-Cost and Sustainable Calcium Nitrate Dense Media Separation

et al. 2022

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Wet coal beneficiation in Colombia is prohibitive due to the high cost and scarcity of commonly used dense media. The practical value of this study is that it demonstrates for the first time that a common fertilizer, calcium nitrate, can be used in the beneficiation of low-grade Colombian coals. Three high-ash low-grade Colombian coals (Valle, Cundinamarca, and Antioquia) commonly used in Colombian sugar mill stoker furnaces were tested. Coal mineralogy and prevalence were analyzed before and after washing using mineral liberation analysis. The swelling potential of the coals was assessed using a novel application of thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) and an ash fusion oven (AFO). Calcium nitrate reduced ash levels across all size fractions, even for highash coals like Valle (29% to below 7%) to acceptable levels for coke manufacturing or pulverized fuel combustion. The novel use of TMA and AFO to analyze coal swelling demonstrated that swelling varies under constrained and unconstrained conditions and the small sample size allows for rapid testing of coal swelling. This study has demonstrated that the use of common fertilizers can allow beneficiation to become a processing option for low-grade coals in Official Development Assistance countries where conventional dense media is prohibitively expensive.

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“…Different techniques of desulfurization have been developed based on physical, microbial, and chemical principles, but the former two methods are ineffective in removing sulfur completely. − Chemical methods are promising desulfurization processes, are used extensively worldwide, and primarily utilize different oxidizing agents as desulfurizing reagents. − Although chemical processes can successfully remove almost the entire inorganic sulfur component of coal, removal of organic sulfur is achieved to a certain extent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desulfurization of Organic Sulfur from a Subbituminous Coal by Electron-Transfer Process with K₄[Fe(CN)₆]

Borah¹

2005

Energy Fuels

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The desulfurization reaction involving direct electron transfer from potassium ferrocyanide, K 4 [Fe (CN) 6 ], successfully removed organic sulfur from a subbituminous coal. The temperature variation of desulfurization revealed that increase of temperature enhanced the level of sulfur removal. Moreover, the desulfurization reaction was found to be dependent on the concentration of K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ]. Gradual increase in the concentration of K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] raised the magnitude of desulfurization, but at higher concentration the variation was not significant. The removal of organic sulfur from unoxidized coal slightly increased with reduced particle size. Desulfurization from oxidized coals (prepared by aerial oxidation) revealed a higher level of sulfur removal in comparison to unoxidized coal. Highest desulfurization of 36.4 wt % was obtained at 90°C and 0.1 M concentration of K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] in the 100-mesh size oxidized coal prepared at 200°C. Model sulfur compound study revealed that aliphatic types of sulfur compounds are primarily responsible for desulfurization. Because of higher stability, thiophene and condensed thiophene-type of compounds perhaps remained unaffected by the electron-transfer agent. Infrared study revealed the formation of oxidized sulfur compounds (sulfoxide, sulfone, sulfonic acid, etc.) in the oxidized coals. Band intensities in these oxidized compounds due to common -SdO and -SO 2 units increased in their respective regions. The desulfurization reaction in different systems is well-represented by the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The intrinsic rate constants were found to be in the range of (1.8-3.5) × 10 -5 s -1 , which implies that the reaction proceeds at a slow and steady rate. The activation energy of the reaction in different systems falls in the range of 5.2-8.8 kJ mol -1 . Lower values of frequency factor (range: (1.9-5.5) × 10 -4 s -1 ) revealed that during the course of the reaction an associated type of compound (activated complex) was formed. Application of the transition state theory indicated that the desulfurization reaction proceeds with the absorption of heat (endothermic reaction) and is nonspontaneous in nature.

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Sulphur reduction evaluation of selected high-sulphur Chinese coals

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Estimation of emissions of SO₂, PM_2.5, and metals released from coke ovens using high sulfur coals

Estimation of emissions of SO₂, PM_2.5, and metals released from coke ovens using high sulfur coals

Upgrading of Low-Grade Colombian Coals via Low-Cost and Sustainable Calcium Nitrate Dense Media Separation

Desulfurization of Organic Sulfur from a Subbituminous Coal by Electron-Transfer Process with K₄[Fe(CN)₆]

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Sulphur reduction evaluation of selected high-sulphur Chinese coals

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Estimation of emissions of SO2, PM2.5, and metals released from coke ovens using high sulfur coals

Estimation of emissions of SO2, PM2.5, and metals released from coke ovens using high sulfur coals

Upgrading of Low-Grade Colombian Coals via Low-Cost and Sustainable Calcium Nitrate Dense Media Separation

Desulfurization of Organic Sulfur from a Subbituminous Coal by Electron-Transfer Process with K4[Fe(CN)6]

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Estimation of emissions of SO₂, PM_2.5, and metals released from coke ovens using high sulfur coals

Estimation of emissions of SO₂, PM_2.5, and metals released from coke ovens using high sulfur coals

Desulfurization of Organic Sulfur from a Subbituminous Coal by Electron-Transfer Process with K₄[Fe(CN)₆]