Summary and Progress of the Hydrogen ICE Truck Development Project

Kawamura, Atsuhiro; Yanai, Tadanori; Satō, Yoshio; Naganuma, Kaname; Yamane, Kimitaka; Takagi, Yasuo

doi:10.4271/2009-01-1922

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Initial results on a straight 6-cylinder diesel engine converted to hydrogen external mixture formation operation and equipped with a NO x absorption 3-way catalyst showed NO x emissions reductions of more than 90% with 3% of the hydrogen fuel injected into the exhaust [235]. An improved system employing hydrogen DI in combination with a NO x storage-reduction (NSR) catalyst and an oxidation catalyst showed a NO x conversion rate of 98% with fuel penalties between 0.2 and 0.5% [236]. Concepts have also been patented in which the additional reducing agent injection in the exhaust is avoided by switching operating modes from lean-burn operation to fuel-rich operation using EGR in order to purge the lean NO x trap [237,238].…”

Section: Measures For No X Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines

Verhelst

Wallner

2009

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

1,010

304

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a b s t r a c tThe threat posed by climate change and the striving for security of energy supply are issues high on the political agenda these days. Governments are putting strategic plans in motion to decrease primary energy use, take carbon out of fuels and facilitate modal shifts.Taking a prominent place in these strategic plans is hydrogen as a future energy carrier. A number of manufacturers are now leasing demonstration vehicles to consumers using hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines (H 2 ICEs) as well as fuel cell vehicles. Developing countries in particular are pushing for H 2 ICEs (powering two-and three-wheelers as well as passenger cars and buses) to decrease local pollution at an affordable cost.This article offers a comprehensive overview of H 2 ICEs. Topics that are discussed include fundamentals of the combustion of hydrogen, details on the different mixture formation strategies and their emissions characteristics, measures to convert existing vehicles, dedicated hydrogen engine features, a state of the art on increasing power output and efficiency while controlling emissions and modeling.

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Section: Measures For No X Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines

Verhelst

Wallner

2009

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

1,010

304

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“…The hydrogen injection strategies discussed above mostly aimed at generating a relatively well mixed charge. To allow a larger degree of fuel-air mixture stratification, close-coupled injection and ignition strategies were proposed [76], namely the plume-head and plume-tail ignition. Both strategies utilize a late SOI-the plume-head ignition is triggered soon after the SOI, whereas the plume-tail ignition strategy triggers ignition of the jet just after the end of injection.…”

Section: Spark-assisted Ignitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Hydrogen Direct Injection for Internal Combustion Engines: Towards Carbon-Free Combustion

et al. 2019

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A paradigm shift towards the utilization of carbon-neutral and low emission fuels is necessary in the internal combustion engine industry to fulfil the carbon emission goals and future legislation requirements in many countries. Hydrogen as an energy carrier and main fuel is a promising option due to its carbon-free content, wide flammability limits and fast flame speeds. For spark-ignited internal combustion engines, utilizing hydrogen direct injection has been proven to achieve high engine power output and efficiency with low emissions. This review provides an overview of the current development and understanding of hydrogen use in internal combustion engines that are usually spark ignited, under various engine operation modes and strategies. This paper then proceeds to outline the gaps in current knowledge, along with better potential strategies and technologies that could be adopted for hydrogen direct injection in the context of compression-ignition engine applications—topics that have not yet been extensively explored to date with hydrogen but have shown advantages with compressed natural gas.

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“…Kawamura et al [22] and Naganuma 550 et al [23] report sweeps of injection pressure, injection timing and ignition timing across the engine map and the resulting efficiency and NO X emissions. The switch from PFI to DI greatly increased the maximum power output but also increased NO X emissions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kawamura et al [22] describe the motivation for choosing a NO X storage-reduction catalyst. Using such a catalyst, NO X emissions are stored until a NO X sensor placed downstream of the catalyst detects the storage capacity being reached, at which point a hydrogen injector placed upstream of the catalyst injects hydrogen which 725 serves as a reducing agent.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using such a catalyst, NO X emissions are stored until a NO X sensor placed downstream of the catalyst detects the storage capacity being reached, at which point a hydrogen injector placed upstream of the catalyst injects hydrogen which 725 serves as a reducing agent. Kawamura et al [22] used a six-cylinder engine converted to PFI hydrogen operation to test the catalyst system. Steady state testing showed the potential of 98% NO X conversion rate with a fuel penalty of less than 0.5%, meaning a negligible influence on brake thermal efficiency.…”

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Recent progress in the use of hydrogen as a fuel for internal combustion engines

Verhelst

2014

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

396

103

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Hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines (H 2 ICEs) have been the topic of research for many decades, and contemporary reviews have surveyed the relevant literature. Because of a number of relatively large R&D projects that have been ongoing recently, much progress has been made that is worth 10 reporting. Specifically, this paper reviews the advancements made in plotting the possibilities offered by direct injection of hydrogen, in-cylinder heat transfer, modeling and combustion strategies (on an engine as well as vehicle level). These efforts have resulted in impressive efficiency numbers, both at peak and part load operation, while keeping emissions far below regulatory 15 limits and reaching satisfactory specific power outputs. New demonstration vehicles have been put on the road showing the relatively low barriers (on a vehicle level) to introduce hydrogen engined transportation and these are briefly described. The paper discusses the merits of H 2 ICEs but also what makes them potentially unfit as a realistic alternative. Finally, the paper 20 concludes with the main areas of research that require further efforts.

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Summary and Progress of the Hydrogen ICE Truck Development Project

Cited by 23 publications

References 6 publications

Hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines

Hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines

A Review of Hydrogen Direct Injection for Internal Combustion Engines: Towards Carbon-Free Combustion

Recent progress in the use of hydrogen as a fuel for internal combustion engines

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