Summary appraisals of the Nation's ground-water resources; Alaska

Changes in hydrogeologic regimes in permafrost regions due to climatic change

“…Hydrogeologic studies in the permafrost regions of North America have been limited to scattered investigations of communal wells, karstic recharge, springs and other groundwater-related discharge phenomena such as icings and frost mounds (Brandon, 1965;Brook, 1983;Hamilton et al, 1991;Michel, 1977Michel, , 1986Michel and van Everdingen, 1988;Pollard, 1983;van Everdingen, 1981van Everdingen, , 1982avan Everdingen, , 1982bWilliams, 1970;Zenone and Anderson, 1978) whereas numerous systematic studies have been undertaken within the various permafrost regions of Russia. Groundwater in permafrost areas is normally subdivided into three zones: supra-, intra-and subpermafrost water.…”

Installation Restoration Program. Phase 1 - Records Search, Elmendorf AFB, Alaska

“…Both aquifers are recharged in this manner. Recharge to the Anchorage area aquifers has been estimated to be equal to five to nine inches of annual precipitation or about thirty to fifty percent of all yearly rainfall (Zenone and Anderson, 1978). Water contained in the aquifers moves down slope under the influence of gravity until it is lost to area streams as base flow, withdrawn by wells or ultimately discharged to Cook Inlet.…”

Alaska ground-water quality

“…For most natural waters in Alaska, the dissolved-solids concentration ranges from 55 to 65 percent of the specificconductance value. The following table (Zenone and Anderson, 1978) indicates ranges of specific-conductance values measured during base-flow periods for streams in Alaska, except for the southeastern part of the State, where base flow has not been defined. In coastal areas of Alaska, the natural ground-water quality can be affected by saltwater intrusion.…”