Summary of Expansions and Updates in GREET^® 2021

Supply Chain Sustainability Analysis of Renewable Hydrocarbon Fuels via Indirect Liquefaction, Hydrothermal Liquefaction, Combined Algal Processing, and Biochemical Conversion: Update of the 2021 State-of-Technology Cases

“…They also provide an opportunity to examine the impact of technology improvements in both biomass feedstock production and biofuel production that have been achieved in 2021 SOTs on the sustainability performance of these renewable transportation fuels. The SCSA results also reflect updates to Argonne National Laboratory's Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Technologies (GREET ® ) model, which was released in October 2021 (Wang et al 2021). These GREET updates include the production of natural gas, electricity, and petroleum-based fuels that can influence biofuels' supply chain greenhouse gas (GHG) (CO2, CH4, and N2O) emissions, water consumption, and air pollutant emissions.…”

“…The supply chain water consumption of HOG produced via IDL is about 4.8 gal/gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) in the 2021 SOT case, compared to about 3.2 gal/GGE for petroleum gasoline blendstock (Wang et al 2021).…”

Application of Hydroprocessing, Fermentation, and Anaerobic Digestion in a Carbon-Negative Pyrolysis Refinery

“…The LCA is based on the well-to-wheel methodology employed by GREET.net. 40 Process Modeling. Two process models were developed to simulate commercial scale biorefineries processing 2000 metric tonnes per day (MTPD) of corn stover to either gasoline or ethanol and 430 dry (MTPD) of cow manure and biochar to power.…”

“…46 Several databases and software packages have been developed to implement the common LCA methods. We employ Argonne National Laboratory's Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation GREET.net 40 software to evaluate the emissions of gasoline and ethanol production from the integrated biorefineries modeled in this study. Table 1 shows the inventory table for all resources considered in the LCA analysis.…”

Conversion of plastic waste into high-value lubricants: techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment

“…For example, in the U.S., the average non-recycled plastic waste has a low heating value (LHV) of 35.7 MJ kg −1 , 8 much higher than 26 MJ kg −1 for coal and 31 MJ kg −1 for petroleum coke. 9 Thus, implementing technologies aimed at recovering the energy embedded in discarded plastics could provide a viable and low-cost approach to reduce fossil energy utilization and significantly reduce waste disposal in landfills and oceans. The substantial environmental strain linked to waste plastics, as well as the economic potential of waste recovery technologies, are key drivers that warrant scientific research and technology development focused on converting plastic wastes into value-added products.…”