Summer hibernation in ground squirrels (Citellus tridecemlineatus) induced by injection of whole or fractionated plasma from hibernating black bears (Ursus americanus)

Rutt, Kimberly A.; Bruce, David S.; Chiang, Paul; Oeltgen, Peter R.; Welborn, John R.; Nilekani, Sita P.

doi:10.1016/0306-4565(87)90052-0

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A1BG is a homologue of the woodchuck hibernation induction trigger (HIT), which has been proposed as a putative cross-species hibernation inducer by acting on opioid receptors [55]. There have been reports of successful induction of hibernation in active animals by injection with purified serum containing HIT [56], but other attempts to reproduce this effect in other species have not been successful [57]. HIT possesses properties similar to that of the delta opoid receptor agonist [D-Ala 2 , D-Leu 5 ]-enkephalin (DADLE) [58] and this opioid activity can protect organs against ischemia-reperfusion injury [59], [60].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Immune-Related Proteins are Differentially Expressed during Hibernation in the American Black Bear

et al. 2013

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Hibernation is an adaptation to conserve energy in the face of extreme environmental conditions and low food availability that has risen in several animal phyla. This phenomenon is characterized by reduced metabolic rate (∼25% of the active basal metabolic rate in hibernating bears) and energy demand, while other physiological adjustments are far from clear. The profiling of the serum proteome of the American black bear (Ursus americanus) may reveal specific proteins that are differentially modulated by hibernation, and provide insight into the remarkable physiological adaptations that characterize ursid hibernation. In this study, we used differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE) analysis, liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, and subsequent MASCOT analysis of the mass spectra to identify candidate proteins that are differentially expressed during hibernation in captive black bears. Seventy serum proteins were identified as changing by ±1.5 fold or more, out of which 34 proteins increased expression during hibernation. The majority of identified proteins are involved in immune system processes. These included α2-macroglobulin, complement components C1s and C4, immunoglobulin μ and J chains, clusterin, haptoglobin, C4b binding protein, kininogen 1, α2-HS-glycoprotein, and apoplipoproteins A-I and A-IV. Differential expression of a subset of these proteins identified by proteomic analysis was also confirmed by immunodetection. We propose that the observed serum protein changes contribute to the maintenance of the hibernation phenotype and health, including increased capacities for bone maintenance and wound healing during hibernation in bears.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Immune-Related Proteins are Differentially Expressed during Hibernation in the American Black Bear

et al. 2013

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“…Other mechanisms for these unique healing abilities might include elevated levels of circulating hormones or proteins and/or increased levels of plasma bile acids (e.g. ursodeoxycholic acid) that have been observed in denning bears (Ruit et al 1987;Bolling et al 1997;Sola et al (2006). These compounds have shown promise in benefiting other human medical applications (Chien et al 1989;Rodrigues et al 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wound healing during hibernation by black bears (Ursus americanus) in the wild: elicitation of reduced scar formation

Iaizzo

Laske

Harlow

et al. 2012

Integrative Zoology

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Even mildly hypothermic body or limb temperatures can retard healing processes in mammals. Despite this, we observed that hibernating American black bears (Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780) elicit profound abilities in mounting inflammatory responses to infection and/or foreign bodies. In addition, they resolve injuries during hibernation while maintaining mildly hypothermic states (30-35 °C) and without eating, drinking, urinating or defecating. We describe experimental studies on free-ranging bears that document their abilities to completely resolve cutaneous cuts and punctures incurred during or prior to hibernation. We induced small, full-thickness cutaneous wounds (biopsies or incisions) during early denning, and re-biopsied sites 2-3 months later (near the end of denning). Routine histological methods were used to characterize these skin samples. All biopsied sites with respect to secondary intention (open circular biopsies) and primary intention (sutured sites) healed, with evidence of initial eschar (scab) formation, completeness of healed epidermis and dermal layers, dyskeratosis (inclusion cysts), and abilities to produce hair follicles. These healing abilities of hibernating black bears are a clear survival advantage to animals injured before or during denning. Bears are known to have elevated levels of hibernation induction trigger (delta-opioid receptor agonist) and ursodeoxycholic acid (major bile acid within plasma, mostly conjugated with taurine) during hibernation, which may relate to these wound-healing abilities. Further research as to the underlying mechanisms of wound healing during hibernation could have applications in human medicine. Unique approaches may be found to improve healing for malnourished, hypothermic, diabetic and elderly patients or to reduce scarring associated with burns and traumatic injuries.

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Responses to Seasonal Change in Polar Mammals

Folk

1996

Comprehensive Physiology

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Summer hibernation in ground squirrels (Citellus tridecemlineatus) induced by injection of whole or fractionated plasma from hibernating black bears (Ursus americanus)

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Serum Immune-Related Proteins are Differentially Expressed during Hibernation in the American Black Bear

Serum Immune-Related Proteins are Differentially Expressed during Hibernation in the American Black Bear

Wound healing during hibernation by black bears (Ursus americanus) in the wild: elicitation of reduced scar formation

Responses to Seasonal Change in Polar Mammals

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