Summer solstice orchestrates the subcontinental-scale synchrony of mast seeding

Journé, Valentin; Szymkowiak, Jakub; Foest, Jessie; Hacket-Pain, Andrew; Kelly, Dave; Bogdziewicz, Michał

doi:10.1038/s41477-024-01651-w

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Reproduction in beech populations is driven by a series of weather effects on the sequential processes of bud initiation (floral transition) in the year before reproduction, flowering and pollination in spring, and fructification throughout the summer until seed drop in autumn (Journé et al, 2023). The dominant cue for seed production, that is, summer temperature, is spatially conserved, suggesting that flower initiation occurs at the same time throughout the range (Journé et al, 2024).…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In beech, weather affects seed production throughout the reproductive trajectory from flower initiation to seedfall (Journé et al, 2023). Unlike oak, however, where cues vary between populations (Fleurot et al, 2023), seed production in beech is predominantly driven by June-July temperature anomalies throughout its range (Bogdziewicz et al, 2021;Drobyshev et al, 2010;Journé et al, 2023Journé et al, , 2024Vacchiano et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The timing of this dominant temperature cue is exceptionally stable across geographical and climatic space (Bogdziewicz, Journé et al, 2023). This is because the summer solstice, which happens simultaneously across the northern hemisphere, abruptly opens the temperature-sensing window in beech (Journé et al, 2024).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Widespread breakdown in masting in European beech due to rising summer temperatures

Foest,

Bogdziewicz,

Pesendorfer

et al. 2024

Global Change Biology

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Climate change effects on tree reproduction are poorly understood, even though the resilience of populations relies on sufficient regeneration to balance increasing rates of mortality. Forest‐forming tree species often mast, i.e. reproduce through synchronised year‐to‐year variation in seed production, which improves pollination and reduces seed predation. Recent observations in European beech show, however, that current climate change can dampen interannual variation and synchrony of seed production and that this masting breakdown drastically reduces the viability of seed crops. Importantly, it is unclear under which conditions masting breakdown occurs and how widespread breakdown is in this pan‐European species. Here, we analysed 50 long‐term datasets of population‐level seed production, sampled across the distribution of European beech, and identified increasing summer temperatures as the general driver of masting breakdown. Specifically, increases in site‐specific mean maximum temperatures during June and July were observed across most of the species range, while the interannual variability of population‐level seed production (CVp) decreased. The declines in CVp were greatest, where temperatures increased most rapidly. Additionally, the occurrence of crop failures and low seed years has decreased during the last four decades, signalling altered starvation effects of masting on seed predators. Notably, CVp did not vary among sites according to site mean summer temperature. Instead, masting breakdown occurs in response to warming local temperatures (i.e. increasing relative temperatures), such that the risk is not restricted to populations growing in warm average conditions. As lowered CVp can reduce viable seed production despite the overall increase in seed count, our results warn that a covert mechanism is underway that may hinder the regeneration potential of European beech under climate change, with great potential to alter forest functioning and community dynamics.

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Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%