Summer squash response to root restriction under different light regimes<sup>1</sup>

NeSmith, D. Scott

doi:10.1080/01904169309364573

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The finding that root restriction impairs plant growth concurs with the results of several studies ( Donald 1951; Aspinall and Milthorpe 1959; Richards and Rowe 1977; Carmi et al 1983; Krizek et al 1985; Ruff et al 1987; Robbins and Pharr 1988; Ben‐Porath and Baker 1990; NeSmith et al 1992; NeSmith 1993; Menzel et al 1994). Contrary to the above studies, where no effect or only a decreasing effect on shoot:root ratio was shown, our results demonstrate that shoot growth is favored over root growth when root growth is physically restricted.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Plant morphological and developmental responses to root restriction have been reported for a number of species, including cucumber ( Richards and Rowe 1977; Carmi et al 1983; Krizek et al 1985; Tschaplinski and Blake 1985; Ruff et al 1987; Robbins and Pharr 1988; Ben‐Porath and Baker 1990; NeSmith et al 1992; NeSmith 1993; Menzel et al 1994). However, shoot response to root restriction varies between species and contradictory results are reported on the effect of root restriction on water relations, photosynthesis, shoot:root ratio and nutrient composition in plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of root restriction on the growth and physiology of cucumber plants

Kharkina

Ottosen²,

Rosenqvist³

1999

Physiologia Plantarum

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days after sowing. RN plants had a 70% lower net photo-Cucumber plants (Cucumis sati7us L. cv. Athene F1) were grown with four treatments: unrestricted root volume fruit-synthesis (P n ), stomatal conductance (g s ) and transpiration rate (E) measured on day 50, while root restriction had no ing (UF); unrestricted root volume non-fruiting (UN); restricted root volume fruiting (RF); and restricted root effect on P n in fruiting plants, although g s and E were significantly decreased due to restriction. Respiration capac-volume non-fruiting (RN). Restricting root volume to 40 ml ity of restricted roots decreased sharply after day 24 com-reduced leaf area, and by day 60 leaf area was only 20% pared with unrestricted root systems. Initially, O 2 may have that of unrestricted plants. Leaf area reduction in restricted plants was due to a combination of smaller and fewer been the limiting resource and root respiration capacity a major factor involved in root restriction, since it causes im-leaves. Root restriction strongly depressed total dry matter production in both root and shoot. Significant differences of balances in root growth substances and related hormones that alter the plant's morphology. treatments in shoot and root growth rates were apparent 30

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of root restriction on the growth and physiology of cucumber plants

Kharkina

Ottosen²,

Rosenqvist³

1999

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…Compared to the 21 -dayold transplants, the first 10 to 15 leaves of the 35-day-old transplants were restricted in final leaf size by the extended period in small containers (Fig. 1), a result that is consistent with previous findings concerning squash response to root restriction (NeSmith, 1993a(NeSmith, , 1993b. The difference in leaf area between the 21-and 10-day-old transplants primarily was because the older transplants had more leaves at sampling.…”

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confidence: 89%

Transplant Age Influences Summer Squash Growth and Yield

NeSmith¹

1993

HortSci

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Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine the influence of transplant age on growth and yield of `Dixie' and `Senator' summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.). Dry weight and leaf area measurements indicated that 28- to 35-day-old greenhouse-grown transplants grew more slowly after transplanting than plants that were 10, 14, or 21 days old. Older transplants flowered earlier; however, earlier flowering did not result in higher early yields. Transplants of varying ages did not differ greatly in yield and yield components in the field, although all transplants had higher early yields than the directly seeded controls. Results from these experiments suggest that 21 days may be a reasonable target age for transplanting summer squash. If transplanting were delayed by adverse planting conditions, 21-day-old transplants would likely have at least a 10-day window of flexibility before yields would be reduced notably by additional aging.

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“…Alternatively, the differences between our experiments could be related to the decline in available plant growth space that plants face in the pots. However, whereas the pot size naturally affect the size of the plants growing in them, it has been reported that it causes little (Poorter et al, 2012b) or no effect (NeSmith et al, 1992; NeSmith 1993) on biomass distribution between roots and shoots. Despite the possible effects of the growth conditions, we believe that there is certainly not enough evidence to attribute the observed results to them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Phosphorus Stress Affects Sunflower and Maize but Not Soybean Root to Shoot Allometry

2013

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or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.T he pattern of resource allocation to different plant components involves a cost since a greater allocation to a component necessarily implies that the plant has less to allocate to other components. The optimal partitioning model (also referred as "functional equilibrium model") assumes that natural selection has molded plants to preferentially allocate structural material to those components associated with gaining the relatively limiting resource (Thornley, 1972;Gedroc et al., 1996;Bazzaz, 1997). The model postulates that plants sense the environment and respond to fluctuations in the availability of resources by applying morphological and physiological controls that alter the biomass allocation pattern. In such sense, adjustments in the partitioning of biomass between roots and shoots are supposed to be highly relevant at defining plant plasticity in response to the environment (Robinson et al., 2010). For example, if the limiting resource is located belowground (i.e., soil nutrients or water), then a relatively greater proportion of roots would increase plant's probability of acquiring that resource (Bazzaz, 1997). Conversely, a small root system will be sufficient for satisfying plant requirements in fertile environments, because the high nutrient availability compensates for the lesser investment in root biomass. If light is the limiting resource, allocating more resources to shoots results in taller plants, more light interception and, finally, in an increase in the capacity to acquire the limiting resource.The allometric theory offers an alternative approach to the adjustments in root and shoot growth (Niklas and Enquist, 2002). It states that they are simple ontogenetic correlates of size and do not inevitably signify plant adaptations to limitations imposed by the environment. According to this theory, the biomass allocation to roots and shoots is determined by a primary partitioning system regulated by the size of the plant, following a scale relationship characteristic to each species (Hunt, 1990). Young plants develop their root system before their aerial parts. Then, as the plant develops, more biomass is allocated to the shoot resulting in a gradual decrease in the root/shoot ratio. The allometric parameters are obtained from the logarithmic relationships between the biomass partitioned to one organ (say root) and another (say shoot) and describe how this partition changes with plant size.If allometrics were the sole determinant of the pattern of resources partitioning, then the allometric parameters will remain unchanged even if the plant is subjected to different treatments or stresses. Experiments designed to analyze the plant allocation pattern in response to different treatments could help identify the biophysical constraints causing a deviation from the "normal" scaling relationships and test the robustness of the allometric theory. For example,...

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Summer squash response to root restriction under different light regimes¹

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Effects of root restriction on the growth and physiology of cucumber plants

Effects of root restriction on the growth and physiology of cucumber plants

Transplant Age Influences Summer Squash Growth and Yield

Severe Phosphorus Stress Affects Sunflower and Maize but Not Soybean Root to Shoot Allometry

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Summer squash response to root restriction under different light regimes1

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Effects of root restriction on the growth and physiology of cucumber plants

Effects of root restriction on the growth and physiology of cucumber plants

Transplant Age Influences Summer Squash Growth and Yield

Severe Phosphorus Stress Affects Sunflower and Maize but Not Soybean Root to Shoot Allometry

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Product

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Summer squash response to root restriction under different light regimes¹