Summertime sun protection used by adults for their children

Robinson, June K.; Rigel, Darrell S.; Amonette, Rex A.

doi:10.1067/mjd.2000.103984

Cited by 145 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Lower percentage reported by Gillani et al (2001) that less than 11.5% respondents reported that they always used sunglasses, sunscreen, protective clothes and hat against sun exposure. Furthermore, the use of hats, shirts, shade and other sun protection aids was less common in most studies (Robinson et al, 2000;Stanton et al, 2000;O'Riordan et al, 2003). Another studies reported that most participants neither used sunscreens nor wore any protective clothes (Miller, 1995;Robinson et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle Practice among Malaysian University Students

Al-Naggar

Bobryshev

Noor

2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: It is well established that a healthy lifestyle is of benefit in the prevention of diseases such as cancer and promotion of well-being. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine lifestyle practice and associated factors among university students in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted over six months from November 2011 until May 2012 among the students from the Management and Science University. This study was approved by its ethical committee , the students being explained the objective and invited to participate. A consent form was signed by all study participants. Questionnaire was distributed randomly to the students of the five faculties through their lecturers in different faculty. For univariate analysis t-test and ANOVA test were performed. Multiple linear regression used for multivariate analysis using SPSS 13.0. Results: A total number of 1100 students participated with a mean age of 22.1±2.21 (SD) years. The majority were 22 years or younger (56.3%), female (54%), Malay (61.5%), single (92.3%), with family monthly income ≥5000 Ringgit Malaysia (41.2%). Regarding lifestyle, about were 31.6% smokers, 75.6% never drank alcohol and 53.7% never exercised. Multivariate analysis showed that age, sex, race, parent marital status, participant marital status, type of faculty, living status, smoking status, exercise, residency, brushing teeth, fiber intake and avoid fatty food significantly influenced the practice of drinking alcohol among university students (p=0.006, p=0.042, p<0.001, p=0.003, p=0.002, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.003, p<0.001; respectively). It similarly showed that sex, race, parent marital status, participant marital status, monthly family income, exercise, residency, brushing teeth and fiber intake significantly influenced the practice of sun protection (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.017, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001; respectively) and that age, sex, parent marital status, participant marital status, type of faculty, living status, exercise, taking nonprescribed medication, brushing the teeth, coffee consumption and fiber intake were significantly influenced the practice of fruits consumption (p=0.008, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.002, p<0.001, P<0.001; respectively). Conclusions: This study showed a poor practice of healthy lifestyle among university students. Therefore universities should emphasize a healthy lifestyle in all faculties as a required subject. Socio-demographic characteristics significantly influenced practice and thus should be considered when planning preventive measures among university students. Frequent campaigns and educational seminars are to be encouraged. Unhealthy practices, such as poor diet and smoking, are major causes of both cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Healthy practices, such as weight management, physical recreational activity and sleeping habits, have an impact on health status (Bellow and Breslow, 19...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle Practice among Malaysian University Students

Al-Naggar

Bobryshev

Noor

2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…In addition, there is increasing evidence that vitamin D may protect against common cancers, such as cancer of the colon (2-4), prostate (5), and breast (6). Young adults aged 17 to 35 years drink inadequate amounts of milk (7) and are concerned about exposure to the sun because of the fear of developing skin cancer (8,9), which increases the risk of vitamin D insufficiency (10). We sought to examine the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in a group of free-living healthy young adults, consisting of mostly health care professionals, in Boston, Massachusetts.…”

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confidence: 99%

Vitamin D insufficiency among free-living healthy young adults

Tangpricha

Pearce

Chen

et al. 2002

The American Journal of Medicine

573

332

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Long-term vitamin D insufficiency can cause secondary hyperparathyroidism and osteomalacia (1). In addition, there is increasing evidence that vitamin D may protect against common cancers, such as cancer of the colon (2-4), prostate (5), and breast (6). Young adults aged 17 to 35 years drink inadequate amounts of milk (7) and are concerned about exposure to the sun because of the fear of developing skin cancer (8,9), which increases the risk of vitamin D insufficiency (10). We sought to examine the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in a group of free-living healthy young adults, consisting of mostly health care professionals, in Boston, Massachusetts. SUBJECTS AND METHODSWe recruited hospital employees, attending physicians, house staff physicians, medical students, and hospital visitors during our vitamin D awareness screening program at Boston University Medical Center during March and April, 1999 (end of winter) and September and October 1999 (end of summer). Subjects were excluded if they had a history of intestinal malabsorption. Subjects were divided into four age groups: 18 to 29 years, 30 to 39 years, 40 to 49 years, and ≥50 years. Study participants gave written informed consent.A questionnaire was administered to assess the intake of foods and supplements containing vitamin D. Approximately 5 mL of blood was drawn for determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and intact parathyroid hormone levels. Analysis of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone LevelsThe serum assay for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (D 2 and D 3 ) was performed according to the method of Chen et al. (11). The limit of detection was 5 ng/mL, and values below the limit of detection were assigned 5 ng/mL. The assay has an intra-assay coefficient of variation of 8% and an inter-assay coefficient of 12%. Parathyroid hormone level was determined using a chemiluminescence assay kit (Nichols Institute Diagnostics, San Juan Capistrano, California). This assay has both intra-and inter-assay coefficients of variation of 6%. Statistical AnalysisWe used the unpaired Student t test to compare mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D and intact parathyroid hormone levels between groups. Results are presented as means ± SD. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript squared tests were used to calculate differences in proportion of vitamin D insufficiency, which was defined as a 25-hydroxyvitamin D level ≤20 ng/mL (12). P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Microsoft Excel (Seattle, Washington) and Epi-Info (Atlanta, Georgia) programs were used for all statistical calculations. RESULTS Baseline CharacteristicsOne hundred sixty-five subjects were enrolled at the end of winter and 142 subjects were enrolled at the end of summer, of whom 61% were women (n = 186) and 60% were white (n = 185). Dietary HistoryMost subjects drank milk: 64% (n = 91) in the end-of-summer group and 58% (n = 96) in the end-of-winter group. An average of 1.6 ± 1.0 glasses of milk was drunk per day. There was no statistical difference betwee...

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“…41 The most important problem analyzing the protective or harmful effects of sunscreen use is the positive correlation identified previously of higher sun protection factors with increased sun exposure [42][43][44] as well as with sunburn. 39 Studies investigating the effect of sunscreen are potentially confounded by sun exposure. Moreover such studies are influenced by the inappropriate application of sunscreen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sunscreens are widely used to protect children from harmful effects of sunlight, [38][39][40] and marketing suggests a ''safe suntan.'' 41 The most important problem analyzing the protective or harmful effects of sunscreen use is the positive correlation identified previously of higher sun protection factors with increased sun exposure [42][43][44] as well as with sunburn.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interventional study in 1,232 young German children to prevent the development of melanocytic nevi failed to change sun exposure and sun protective behavior

et al. 2005

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Sunscreens have been proposed as protective measures to inhibit the development of melanocytic nevi in childhood and to decrease the long term risk for cutaneous melanoma development. Our present study investigates the influence of sunscreen use and education on the number of incident melanocytic nevi. A total of 1,812 children in 78 public nursery schools in 2 German cities were randomized to 3 study arms: (i) parents were informed on study purpose and sun protection measures only at an initial educational meeting; (ii) parents received educational material 3 times yearly; and (iii) education and 800 ml free broad spectrum sunscreens with sun protection factor 25 provided on a yearly basis. Final assessment after 3 years follow-up included 1,232 children (68%). Changes of sun protection habits including sunscreen use were sparse, without any differences attributable to the intervention efforts. As a consequence, there were no significant differences between the 3 study arms for the main outcome measure, the number of incident melanocytic nevi. Analysis of the sunscreen use in the entire cohort irrespective of our study arms did not show any impact on incident nevus numbers in bivariate or multivariate analysis. In conclusion, intervention with educational letters and free sunscreens seemingly had no additional effect on sun-protection for German children. High prevalence of sunscreen use at study commencement, social desirability, and inadequate application of sunscreens might have partially covered their effect. ' 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: melanocytic nevi; prevention and control; child; sunscreens; intervention studies Exposure to ultraviolet light in childhood as well as in adulthood is the central environmental risk factor for cutaneous melanoma (CM).1-4 The use of sunscreen is intended to avoid sunburn as well as to reduce the risk of CM. Numerous case-control studies focusing on the effect of sunscreen use and the risk of CM reported contradicting results reaching from a reduced risk, 5-8 an unchanged risk, 9 to an increased risk in persons using sunscreen.10-17 Most of these case-control studies were hospitalbased, might not have been controlled comprehensively for exposure to sunlight and skin type and were most likely influenced by recall bias, as they involved melanoma patients. Meta-analyses of studies published recently on the relationship of sunscreen use and the risk of CM could not find any association. 18-21The number of melanocytic nevi (MN) is known to be the strongest risk factor for CM. Nevi are precursor lesions of a substantial proportion of 20-60% of CM. 22 Humans develop MN from an early age onward and numerous studies have investigated the development of MN in children. 1,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Studying sunscreen use in children and its relationship to MN should be less influenced by recall bias. Thus far, however, investigations of sun protective behavior in children have not shown conclusive evidence for either a protective or harmful effect of sunscreen. [31][32][33][...

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Summertime sun protection used by adults for their children

Cited by 145 publications

References 26 publications

Lifestyle Practice among Malaysian University Students

Lifestyle Practice among Malaysian University Students

Vitamin D insufficiency among free-living healthy young adults

Interventional study in 1,232 young German children to prevent the development of melanocytic nevi failed to change sun exposure and sun protective behavior

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