SUMO-, MAPK-, and resistance protein-signaling converge at transcription complexes that regulate plant innate immunity

Burg, H.A. van den; Takken, Frank L. W.

doi:10.4161/psb.5.12.13913

Cited by 41 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Both overexpression of ERF104 and an erf104 mutant exhibited enhanced susceptibility to a non‐adapted bacterial pathogen and greater growth inhibition by flg22 (Bethke et al ., ). Moreover, it has also been observed that the list of identified SUMO targets overlaps significantly with targets for phosphorylation by MITOGEN‐ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASEs (MAPKs), which are protein kinases phosphorylating transcriptional regulators controlling defence gene expression (Bethke et al ., ; van den Burg and Takken, ; Mao et al ., ). For example, both WRKY33 (Mao et al ., ) and ERF104 (Bethke et al ., ) are phosphorylated by MAPK cascades in response to pathogen stimulus.…”

Section: Sumo In Plant Defence Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The identification of histone H2B, HISTONE DEACETYLASE19 (HDA19), a transcriptional repressor of defence‐related genes and the transcriptional corepressors SIN3 and TOPLESS as SUMO targets was a big step forward (Miller et al ., ). The recognition of transcription factors as potential SUMOylation targets has opened up an entire new avenue of research (van den Burg and Takken, ). Transcription factors are deemed responsible for the control of the expression of thousands of genes required to regulate cellular processes of plants under specific conditions.…”

Section: Sumo In Plant Defence Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transcription factors are deemed responsible for the control of the expression of thousands of genes required to regulate cellular processes of plants under specific conditions. Therefore, SUMOylation of the transcription factors would provide an additional level of control to boost or suppress biological events (van den Burg and Takken, ). The identification of key stress‐responsive transcription factors, such as WRKY33, ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 104 (ERF104) and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3 (EIN3), as SUMOylation substrates has clearly indicated that the involvement of SUMO in plant disease resistance is deep‐rooted (Miller et al ., ).…”

Section: Sumo In Plant Defence Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fifty shades of SUMO: its role in immunity and at the fulcrum of the growth–defence balance

Verma

Croley

Sadanandom

2018

Molecular Plant Pathology

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The sessile nature of plants requires them to cope with an ever-changing environment. Effective adaptive responses require sophisticated cellular mechanisms at the post-transcriptional and post-translational levels. Post-translational modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins is emerging as a key player in these adaptive responses. SUMO conjugation can rapidly change the overall fate of target proteins by altering their stability or interaction with partner proteins or DNA. SUMOylation entails an enzyme cascade that leads to the activation, conjugation and ligation of SUMO to lysine residues of target proteins. In addition to their SUMO processing activities, SUMO proteases also possess de-conjugative activity capable of cleaving SUMO from target proteins, providing reversibility and buffering to the pathway. These proteases play critical roles in the maintenance of the SUMO machinery in equilibrium. We hypothesize that SUMO proteases provide the all-important substrate specificity within the SUMO system. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the role of SUMO in plant innate immunity. SUMOylation also overlaps with multiple growth-promoting and defence-related hormone signalling pathways, and hence is pivotal for the maintenance of the growth-defence balance. This review aims to highlight the intricate molecular mechanisms utilized by SUMO to regulate plant defence and to stabilize the growth-defence equilibrium.

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Section: Sumo In Plant Defence Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sumo In Plant Defence Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sumo In Plant Defence Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fifty shades of SUMO: its role in immunity and at the fulcrum of the growth–defence balance

Verma

Croley

Sadanandom

2018

Molecular Plant Pathology

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“…R-mediated resistance is indirectly mediated by PTMs, where resistance (R)-type proteins, such as SNC1, a TIR-NBS-LRR class disease resistance protein, interact with the SUMO targets Topless-related 1 and HDA19, a transcriptional corepressor and histone deacetylase respectively [11]. Furthermore, SIZ1, a SUMO E3 ligase, negatively regulates salicylic acid (SA) and PAD4-mediated R-mediated gene signalling and siz1 mutant Arabidopsis plants constitutively express systemic acquired resistance (SAR) conferring resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv.…”

Section: Plant Innate Immunity: Basal Resistance and Post-translationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the three major PTMs, protein phosphorylation, ubiquitination and SUMOylation, are wellknown to mediate PTI and R gene-dependent signalling. PTI-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling regulates transcription factors through phosphorylation which are in turn targets for the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) protein [11]. Plasma membrane-related proteins are also a target for lipid-based PTMs, including S-acylation, N-myristoylation, prenylation and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors [12].…”

Section: Plant Innate Immunity: Basal Resistance and Post-translationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐translational modifications in priming the plant immune system: ripe for exploitation?

2018

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Microbes constantly challenge plants, and some can successfully infect their host and cause disease. Basal immunity against plant pathogens in many cases is not enough for survival and leads to disease and, ultimately, a premature death of the host plant. However, the plant immune system can be temporarily and even transgenerationally primed; this 'primed state' leads to changes in the plant involving transcriptional, post-translational, metabolic, physiological and epigenetic reprogramming, which enables fine-tuning defence mechanisms for a rapid and/or more robust response after abiotic and/or biotic stress. This can ultimately affect pathogen infection speed and, hence, decrease its ability to overcome host resistance and the final outcome of the host-pathogen interaction. The role of the three major post-translational modifications (PTMs) (protein ubiquitination, phosphorylation and SUMOylation) in plant immunity has been well established. However, the role of PTMs on defence priming, and how the PTM machinery is affected in primed plants and its connection to plant resistance against biotic/abiotic stress is not well understood. This Review highlights the current state of play of priming-mediated post-translational reprogramming and explores new areas for future research.

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Posttranslational Modifications in Plant Disease Resistance

Casey

Srivastava

Sadanandom

2017

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Under constant attack from an ever‐evolving array of pathogens, the multilayered plant immune system provides a broad‐spectrum resistance that is the result of millions of years of coevolution of plants and microorganisms. Driving the arms race for survival is the continual diversification of defence and attack mechanisms. This process can be rapidly and efficiently achieved by posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Phosphorylation and ubiquitination are important PTMs involved in plant immune signalling that are exploited by pathogens and plants alike. Identified connections between the two PTMs have been shown to either positively or negatively regulate each other, affecting the activity of a growing number of immune proteins. In various instances, this crosstalk has been shown to link the two alleged levels of innate plant immunity: PAMP‐triggered immunity (PTI) and effector‐triggered immunity (ETI). Understanding how this occurs will lead us to unravel the web that is the plant immune signalling interactome. Key Concepts Natural selection drives the diversification of pathogen virulence and plant resistance mechanisms. Posttranslational modifications are essential for providing rapid and efficient diversification of defence and attack proteins. Phosphorylation and ubiquitination are important posttranslational modifications involved in plant immune signalling. Crosstalk between ubiquitination and phosphorylation regulates plant immune signalling. Crosstalk between ubiquitination and phosphorylation can link different levels of the plant immune system.

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SUMO-, MAPK-, and resistance protein-signaling converge at transcription complexes that regulate plant innate immunity

Cited by 41 publications

References 38 publications

Fifty shades of SUMO: its role in immunity and at the fulcrum of the growth–defence balance

Fifty shades of SUMO: its role in immunity and at the fulcrum of the growth–defence balance

Post‐translational modifications in priming the plant immune system: ripe for exploitation?

Posttranslational Modifications in Plant Disease Resistance

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