Sun Protection Beliefs among Hispanics in the US

Santiago-Rivas, Marimer; Wang, Chang; Jandorf, Lina

doi:10.1155/2014/161960

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…While previous studies suggest that Hispanics have low levels of skin cancer susceptibility [ 32 ], the results of the current study indicate that Spanish speakers may be at greater risk for skin cancer given that Spanish speakers reported lower levels of skin cancer awareness compared to US born or non-US born English speakers. There are some barriers to engaging sun protection behaviors; for example, wearing sunscreen or protective clothing is “not part of my daily routine” was a common statement in a study analyzing barriers to sun protection in Hispanics [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Sun Protection Behaviors Associated with Self-Efficacy, Susceptibility, and Awareness among Uninsured Primary Care Patients Utilizing a Free Clinic

Kamimura

Nourian

Ashby³

et al. 2015

Dermatology Research and Practice

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Background. Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer in the United States (US). However, knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes regarding sun protection vary among the general population. The purpose of this study is to examine sun protection behaviors of low-income primary care patients and assess the association between these health behaviors and the self-efficacy, susceptibility, and skin cancer awareness. Methods. Uninsured primary care patients utilizing a free clinic (N = 551) completed a self-administered survey in May and June 2015. Results. Using sunscreen was the least common tactic among the participants of this study. Skin cancer awareness and self-efficacy are important to improve sun protection behaviors. Spanish speakers may have lower levels of skin care awareness compared to US born and non-US born English speakers. Male and female participants use different sun protection methods. Conclusion. It is important to increase skin cancer awareness with self-efficacy interventions as well as education on low-cost sun protection methods. Spanish speaking patients would be a target population for promoting awareness. Male and female patients would need separate gender-specific sun protection education. Future studies should implement educational programs and assess the effectiveness of the programs to further promote skin cancer prevention among underserved populations.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Sun Protection Behaviors Associated with Self-Efficacy, Susceptibility, and Awareness among Uninsured Primary Care Patients Utilizing a Free Clinic

Kamimura

Nourian

Ashby³

et al. 2015

Dermatology Research and Practice

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“…The most commonly cited risk reduction strategies included sunscreen use and shade-seeking. However, as has been noted by other researchers, fatalistic beliefs concerning skin cancer were still palpable across all focus groups [24, 25]. In general, these beliefs concerned the perceived inability of Latinos to take preventive action against skin cancer, highlighting the great need of educational interventions that specifically debunk such beliefs and provide culturally-responsive prevention information.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

A Qualitative Exploration of Latinos’ Perceptions About Skin Cancer: the Role of Gender and Linguistic Acculturation

et al. 2015

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Latinos have the highest rate of skin cancers among U.S. minorities. Despite a rising incidence of melanoma – the deadliest form of skin cancer – and greater disease burden, Latinos tend to have poor awareness of skin cancer risk factors which may inhibit preventive action. We expanded on prior work by qualitatively examining potential moderators (i.e., gender, acculturation) of skin cancer perceptions among Latinos from El Barrio in Harlem, New York. Four focus groups stratified by language (English/Spanish) and gender were conducted. Discussions were recorded, transcribed, and coded using thematic analysis. Thirty-eight self-identified Latinos (32% male) participated. Across groups, median age was 35 years; 50% completed < high school degree, 82% had annual incomes ≤$29,999, and 55% were born in Mexico. Mean acculturation level was 8.5 (SD=3.9, range=4–20). Major themes included: (1) knowledge of common skin cancer risk factors, (2) acknowledgment of personal risk although lighter skin individuals are at greater risk, and (3) awareness of effective risk-reduction methods, despite presence of fatalistic beliefs. Compared to males, females discussed tanning norms and appearance-based factors; identified children as vulnerable; highlighted the benefits of sun-exposure; and, wanted more information. Few linguistic acculturation patterns were noted; English-speakers questioned the carcinogenic effect of sunscreen and reported more skin cancer-related physician discussions than Spanish-speakers. Despite generally low acculturation, Latinos correctly identified skin cancer risk factors and agreed that it is preventable with engagement in risk-reducing behaviors. Future educational interventions must capitalize upon and reinforce such beliefs and address fatalistic perceptions which may hinder prevention efforts.

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“…Although this recommendation is based on skin tone and not race, some providers may not consider Hispanics fair-skinned despite their actual skin tone [13] and miss an appropriate opportunity to educate young patients. Hispanics may be more likely to believe that there is little they can do to prevent skin cancer, to believe their risk is below average compared with others of similar age, and to report they are unsure about which prevention recommendations to follow [61–63]. Primary care physicians and dermatologists can dispel the myth that melanoma only affects NHWs, and educate Hispanic patients in a culturally appropriate manner on melanoma risk factors, how to recognize sunburn, how to identify abnormal lesions, and the need to check non sun-exposed areas for ALMs that are comparatively more common among Hispanics than among NHWs [64,65].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics, rates, and trends of melanoma incidence among Hispanics in the USA

Garnett¹,

Townsend

Steele

et al. 2016

Cancer Causes Control

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe the epidemiology of melanoma among Hispanics using data that cover nearly 100% of the United States (US) population. Methods The study used population-based cancer incidence data from the National Program of Cancer Registries and the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results program to examine melanoma incidence rates and trends among Hispanics by sex, age, race, histology, anatomic location, stage, and tumor thickness. Results From 2008 to 2012, 6,623 cases of melanoma were diagnosed among Hispanics. Rates were higher among males (4.6) than females (4.0), but females younger than age 55 had higher rates than males. The most common histologic subtype was superficial spreading melanoma (23%). Melanomas with poorer outcomes, such as nodular (NM) and acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM), were more common among males. Hispanic females had the highest proportion of melanoma on the lower limb and hip (33.7%) while Hispanic males had the highest proportion on the trunk (29.9%). Incidence rates for later stage and thicker tumors were significantly higher among Hispanic men than women. Incidence rates decreased significantly during 2003–2012 (AAPC= −1.4). Conclusions Clinicians and public health practitioners will need to reach the growing Hispanic population in the US with strategies for primary prevention and early diagnosis of melanoma. Results suggest Hispanics and providers need education to increase awareness about the characteristics of melanoma among Hispanics, including types that occur on non-sun-exposed areas (ALM, NM). Skin cancer prevention and awareness interventions targeting Hispanics should be culturally relevant.

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Sun Protection Beliefs among Hispanics in the US

Cited by 16 publications

References 37 publications

Sun Protection Behaviors Associated with Self-Efficacy, Susceptibility, and Awareness among Uninsured Primary Care Patients Utilizing a Free Clinic

Sun Protection Behaviors Associated with Self-Efficacy, Susceptibility, and Awareness among Uninsured Primary Care Patients Utilizing a Free Clinic

A Qualitative Exploration of Latinos’ Perceptions About Skin Cancer: the Role of Gender and Linguistic Acculturation

Characteristics, rates, and trends of melanoma incidence among Hispanics in the USA

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