Sun protection changes among diverse elementary schoolchildren participating in a sun safety intervention: A latent transition analysis of a randomized controlled trial

Miller, Kimberly A.; Huh, Jimi; Piombo, Sarah E; Richardson, Jean L.; Harris, Susan; Peng, David H.; Cockburn, Myles

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106601

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Some states, both those with legislation allowing sunscreen in schools and those without, have investigated the impact of multimodal interventions, including sunscreen application, and have shown an increase in self-reported sunscreen use or sun-protective behaviors in most of the intervention groups. [39][40][41] Middle school-aged students were the only intervention group reported by Kouzes et al that did not demonstrate significantly different sunscreen use. However, they did increase long-sleeve and hat wearing practices, demonstrating some benefit from the intervention in question.…”

Section: Evaluation and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Unfortunately, rigorously assessing the impact of sunscreen application has proven difficult for various reasons. Some states, both those with legislation allowing sunscreen in schools and those without, have investigated the impact of multimodal interventions, including sunscreen application, and have shown an increase in self‐reported sunscreen use or sun‐protective behaviors in most of the intervention groups 39–41 . Middle school‐aged students were the only intervention group reported by Kouzes et al that did not demonstrate significantly different sunscreen use.…”

Section: Evaluation and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Legislative review and recommendations for improving sun protection in schools

Freeman,

Morris,

Michalski

2024

Pediatric Dermatology

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BackgroundSun exposure in schools can account for a large portion of childhood sun exposure before the age of 20 years, yet legislation in the United States is lacking to properly protect children. Schools serve as a foundational resource to introduce and implement sun‐safe practices in the youth population.MethodsFederal and state legislation relating to the access of sunscreen, sun‐protective apparel, and shade was reviewed via the website LegiScan.com.ResultsAt the time of publication, only 25 states have legislation in place that addresses and allows sunscreen to be used in school, given its classification as an over‐the‐counter medication. No state has implemented legislation allowing sunglasses to be worn in school, and only two states have laws explicitly allowing hats and other sun‐protective apparel at schools. In addition, the provision of shade is addressed in four states.ConclusionsWith a significant portion of sun exposure occurring at schools, state and federal legislation must address sun protection for students, opening the door for expanded access and additional research related to skin cancer prevention.

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Section: Evaluation and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Evaluation and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legislative review and recommendations for improving sun protection in schools

Freeman,

Morris,

Michalski

2024

Pediatric Dermatology

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“…The SDHW curriculum was subsequently adapted by Miller et al in a series of studies involving Hispanic elementary school students in Los Angeles, California. One observational study found improvements in sun protection-related knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy among students after three 1-h sessions of lectures and interactive activities [ 98 ], whereas a subsequent RCT observed increased shade seeking and use of sun-protective clothing among students who received the intervention [ 99 ]. In Beijing, China, an RCT by Lai et al involving high school students similarly found improvements in sun protection knowledge, shade seeking, and sun avoidance during peak hours following either 1-year or 2-year sun safety educational programs [ 100 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcing Photoprotection for Skin of Color: A Narrative Review

Tsai¹,

Chien²

2023

Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)

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Skin of color (SOC) is characterized by increased tendency for tanning and decreased likelihood of sunburns due to the attenuation of sunlight by epidermal melanin. Although this contributes to the decreased incidence of skin cancer among SOC populations, individuals with SOC remain susceptible to various health consequences associated with sun exposure, including non-melanoma skin cancer, photoaging, pigmentary disorders, and photodermatoses — many of which not only present differently, but also disproportionately affect SOC. Prior epidemiological studies have found lower prevalence of sun protection behaviors among individuals with SOC, particularly in sunscreen use, signifying an unmet area for improvement in the prevention of sun-induced dermatologic conditions in these populations. The objective of this narrative review was to summarize the biology and health consequences of sun exposure in SOC, as well as cognitive and behavioral factors that affect the practice of photoprotection behaviors in SOC populations. We also review prior interventions that have been used to enhance photoprotection knowledge and behaviors among individuals with SOC, either in racially and ethnically diverse communities or within specific SOC populations.

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“…13,14 Many studies have pointed out that children can be protected from UV rays through the use of sunscreen, sunshades, wide-brimmed sunhats, long-sleeved tops and sunglasses. 15,16 Because of the strong sunlight and high incidence of skin cancer in Australia and other Western countries, many awareness-raising programs related to sun harm have been launched and geared toward teenagers, such as "SunSmart" and "Play Safe in the Sun." Since 2005, China has held a skincare day on May 25 every year, aiming to educate people about scientific skincare and sunscreen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the Awareness and Behavior of Primary School Students on Sunscreen Use in Beijing

Gao¹,

Lai²,

Cheng³

et al. 2022

CCID

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This study aims to understand primary school students' behavior and awareness of sun exposure and sunscreen in Beijing, China. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted of 232 students in grades 4-6 at a public primary school in Beijing, including 129 boys (55.6%) and 103 girls (44.4%). The contents of the questionnaire included awareness about ultraviolet rays, sun exposure, sunscreen habits, and the understanding and use of sunscreen. Results: The majority of the subjects (75.0%) said they had never been sunburned, and 26.3% had never been tanned. Only 7.3% of the primary school students had a comprehensive and correct understanding that sunlight will burn, cause cancer, tan, and age the skin. Sunscreen (47.8%), sunshades (47.4%), sun hats (44.4%), avoiding going out at noon (37.5%), and sunglasses (30.2%) were the most frequently used sunscreen means. Furthermore, 47.8% of primary school students used topical sunscreen for light protection, higher than other measures. The proportion of girls using sunscreen at least once a day was more than boys. Conclusion: Primary school students in Beijing, China, do not have a comprehensive understanding of ultraviolet rays, and there are deficiencies in protective behavior. Their awareness and use of sunscreen need to be improved.

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Sun protection changes among diverse elementary schoolchildren participating in a sun safety intervention: A latent transition analysis of a randomized controlled trial

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

Legislative review and recommendations for improving sun protection in schools

Legislative review and recommendations for improving sun protection in schools

Reinforcing Photoprotection for Skin of Color: A Narrative Review

Investigation on the Awareness and Behavior of Primary School Students on Sunscreen Use in Beijing

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