Sunda pangolin Manis javanica (Desmarest, 1822)

Chong, Ju Lian; Panjang, Elisa; Willcox, Daniel; Nash, Helen C.; Semiadi, Gono; Sodsai, Withoon; Lim, Norman; Fletcher, Louise; Kurniawan, Ade; Cheema, Shavez

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815507-3.00006-x

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, estimates suggest the equivalent of c. 715,000 pangolins were trafficked globally between 2010 and July 2019 (Challender et al, 2020). Evidence also indicates that overexploitation of pangolins since 2000 has led to severe population declines, especially in parts of East and South-east Asia (Newton et al, 2008; Chong et al, 2020; Wu et al, 2020). In Viet Nam, enforcement challenges, combined with prevailing demand and increasing wealth, particularly in urban centres with high per capita incomes, means that more people are able to purchase expensive and aspirational items, including pangolin products (Nijman, 2009; Challender et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering prevalence of pangolin consumption using a technique for investigating sensitive behaviour

Olmedo

Veríssimo

Milner‐Gulland

et al. 2021

Oryx

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Pangolins have been exploited throughout history but evidence points to population declines across parts of their ranges since the 1960s, especially in Asia. This is the result of overexploitation for local use and international trade and trafficking of their derivatives. The prevalence of the consumption of pangolin products has been estimated for different localities in Viet Nam but, considering that national legislation prohibits the purchase of pangolin products, previous research has not accounted for the potential for biased responses. In this study, we treat pangolin consumption as a sensitive behaviour and estimate consumption prevalence of pangolin meat, scales and wine (a whole pangolin or pangolin parts or fluids soaked or mixed in rice wine) in Ho Chi Minh City using a specialized questioning method, the unmatched count technique. We also characterize the demographics of consumers. Our results suggest there is active consumption of all three pangolin products, with a best-estimate prevalence of 7% of a representative sample of Ho Chi Minh City residents for pangolin meat, 10% for scales and 6% for wine. Our prevalence estimates exceed estimates from direct questions, providing evidence for the sensitivity of pangolin consumption. We compared our analysis of consumer characteristics with existing profiles of pangolin consumers and found substantial differences, suggesting that consumption occurs among broader demographic groups than previously described. Our findings suggest that efforts to reduce demand for pangolin consumption in Viet Nam should focus on a broader range of consumers than previously identified.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering prevalence of pangolin consumption using a technique for investigating sensitive behaviour

Olmedo

Veríssimo

Milner‐Gulland

et al. 2021

Oryx

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“…Philippines) – S. Schoppe, unpublished data (as cited in Schoppe et al, 2020 ) 3.2 (3–3.5: n = 4; female. Philippines) S. Schoppe, unpublished data (as cited in Schoppe et al, 2020 ) Sunda pangolin (Asia) 5.09 (2.8–9.1: n = 21; male) – Save Vietnam's Wildlife, unpublished data (as cited in Chong et al, 2020 ) 4.5 (2.9–6.3: n = 21; female) – Save Vietnam's Wildlife, unpublished data (as cited in Chong et al, 2020 ) – 360.51 (n = 119) Zhou et al, 2012 a The average of the presented Mass-to-Individual Conversion Factors was used for black-bellied pangolins (i.e., 198.91 g: n = 6). b Derived by calculating the dry scale proportion to overall body mass of 26.5% (25–28%; D. Pietersen pers.…”

Section: Pangolin Body Mass and Conversion Factors Used In Estimating Mni This Table Also Contains Data For Asian Pangolin Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rising demand for their scales, a widely used constituent in traditional Chinese medicines ( Wang et al, 2020 ; Zhang, 2009 ), has dramatically increased their exploitation in the last decade ( Heinrich et al, 2017 ). As Asian pangolin populations have declined ( Chong et al, 2020 ; Mahmood et al, 2020 ; Schoppe et al, 2020 ; Wu et al, 2020 ), their African congeners have faced increasing pressure to meet Asia's demand for pangolin scales, and to a lesser extent, meat ( Challender et al, 2020 ; Ingram et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The scale of Nigeria's involvement in the trans-national illegal pangolin trade: Temporal and spatial patterns and the effectiveness of wildlife trade regulations

Emogor

Ingram

Coad

et al. 2021

Biological Conservation

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The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) prohibits commercial trans-national trade in pangolin specimens. However, African pangolins are continually trafficked to Asia for traditional medicine, with Nigeria considered a key hub. Using reported Nigeria-linked pangolin seizure data and interviews with Nigerian law enforcement officials, we a) characterised Nigeria's involvement in global pangolin trafficking January 2010–September 2021, particularly observing trafficking trends after pangolin's CITES Appendix I listing; b) estimated the minimum number of pangolins whose scales are in Nigeria-linked seizures January 2010–September 2021, and; c) assessed ongoing efforts within Nigeria to curb pangolin trafficking. Nigeria-linked seizures involved 190,407 kg of pangolin derivatives (99.9% scales) from a minimum of 799,343 pangolins (95% confidence interval; 625,944-996,353) of four species (see caveats in Methods). All shipments confiscated in transit were destined for Asia, with a rapid increase in the mass of maritime shipments over time. Furthermore, stockpiling of pangolin derivatives for overseas shipment is perhaps a prominent trafficking model in Nigeria. Nigeria's law enforcement efforts improved from 2017, the same year Nigeria apparently began playing a hub role. The impact of pangolin's CITES Appendix I listing on pangolin trafficking was unclear, as the marked rise in seizures from 2017 when the listing became effective, coincided with improvements in Nigerian law enforcement efforts. COVID-19–induced travel restrictions likely reduced trafficking activities in 2020 but activities may have fully resumed in 2021. This study provides new information to inform effective enforcement and policy formulation efforts to protect African pangolins.

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“…Malayan pangolin, also named Sunda pangolin or Javan pangolin (M. javanica), is a carnivore habituated in Southeast Asia [45]. Interests grew to identify SARS-CoV-2-related viruses in pangolins due to its close contact with humans as a food source and the use of its scales in traditional Chinese medicine [46].…”

Section: Malayan Pangolin and Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus disease 2019 and its potential animal reservoirs: A review

et al. 2021

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In the 21st century, the world has been plagued by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a virus of the family Coronaviridae epidemiologically suspected to be linked to a wet market in Wuhan, China. The involvement of wildlife and wet markets with the previous outbreaks simultaneously has been brought into sharp focus. Although scientists are yet to ascertain the host range and zoonotic potential of SARS-CoV-2 rigorously, information about its two ancestors, SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), is a footprint for research on COVID-19. A 96% genetic similarity with bat coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 indicates that the bat might be a potential reservoir of SARS-CoV-2 just like SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, where civets and dromedary camels are considered the potential intermediate host, respectively. Perceiving the genetic similarity between pangolin coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2, many scientists also have given the scheme that the pangolin might be the intermediate host. The involvement of SARS-CoV-2 with other animals, such as mink, snake, and turtle has also been highlighted in different research articles based on the interaction between the key amino acids of S protein in the receptor-binding domain and angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2). This study highlights the potential animal reservoirs of SARS-CoV-2 and the role of wildlife in the COVID-19 pandemic. Although different causes, such as recurring viral genome recombination, wide genetic assortment, and irksome food habits, have been blamed for this emergence, basic research studies and literature reviews indicate an enormous consortium between humans and animals for the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Sunda pangolin Manis javanica (Desmarest, 1822)

Cited by 14 publications

References 43 publications

Uncovering prevalence of pangolin consumption using a technique for investigating sensitive behaviour

Uncovering prevalence of pangolin consumption using a technique for investigating sensitive behaviour

The scale of Nigeria's involvement in the trans-national illegal pangolin trade: Temporal and spatial patterns and the effectiveness of wildlife trade regulations

Coronavirus disease 2019 and its potential animal reservoirs: A review

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