Sunflower Competition in Wheat

Gillespie, Greg R.; Miller, Stephen D.

doi:10.4141/cjps84-013

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Both ruderal and agrestal biotypes are non‐native invaders in four continents (Cantamutto & Poverene, ). Volunteers are not true feral biotypes because they cannot persist as self‐maintained populations (Gillespie & Miller, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interference of the agrestal Helianthus annuus biotype with sunflower growth

Casquero

Cantamutto

2016

Weed Research

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The Helianthus annuus taxon includes the wild (ruderal), weedy (agrestal) and volunteer biotypes, which may share space and time with the sunflower crop. The agrestal biotype is one of the most harmful weeds challenging the use of modern biotechnological tools in sunflower. The interference of the agrestal biotype was studied at a range of weed densities within a sunflower crop. The area of influence of one agrestal plant was estimated as a circular area of more than 2.5 m 2 . The agrestal biotype at 10.7 plants m À2 reduced the sunflower seed production by 66%, the seed weight by 41% and the yield by 80%. The agrestal biotype showed intermediate vegetative stage duration between sunflower and the ruderal biotype. The interference of the agrestal biotype would be due to its high initial growth rate, its larger leaf area and plant height. Some agrestal plants showed partial dehiscence at the sunflower harvest stage replenishing the soil seedbank with over 18 000 seeds m À2 . The sunflower harvest operation and grain storage might be affected due to a fraction of agrestal plants remaining alive and moist when the crop reached harvest maturity. The results support the recommendation of preventing the entry of the agrestal biotype into crop production fields.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interference of the agrestal Helianthus annuus biotype with sunflower growth

Casquero

Cantamutto

2016

Weed Research

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“…Wild H. annuus is a native, annual weed that is widespread throughout much of the United States, reaching its greatest abundance in the Midwest (Heiser 1954); the domesticated sunflower (also H. annuus) is commonly cultivated in the Plains states and California. Wild sunflower, which is usually found in crop margins, roadsides, and unmanaged, disturbed areas, is considered to be a serious weed in corn, soybean, cultivated sunflower, and other crops (e.g., Gillespie and Miller 1984, Geir et al 1996, Al-Khatib et al 1998. Although no transgenic sunflowers have been deregulated to date, biotechnology companies are developing transgenic varieties that are resistant to insects (Lepidoptera and Coleoptera), a fungal disease (Sclerotinia), and herbicides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecundity Selection in a Sunflower Crop–wild Study: Can Ecological Data Predict Crop Allele Changes?

Cummings

Alexander

Snow

et al. 2002

Ecological Applications

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Abstract. Genes that spread from transgenic crops to populations of weedy relatives can be a cause of concern if fitness-related, transgenic traits persist and enhance weed invasiveness. Studies of the prevalence of crop-specific genetic markers in wild populations can provide data on such introgression. We conducted a field experiment in eastern Kansas to measure changes in frequencies of crop-specific genetic markers in wild sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Three allozyme markers were monitored in three artificial populations that each initially consisted of 100 wild and 100 F 1 hybrid plants. Survival, flowering time, and average seed production per plant were quantified during the first year of the study (1997). Hybrid plants produced only 1-2% as many seeds per plant as wild plants but did not differ in survivorship. Simple selection models incorporating fecundity differences between wild and F 1 hybrids accurately predicted crop allele frequencies in the 1998 seedlings. We predicted that frequencies of crop alleles in 1998 would average ϳ0.03 for the three populations. Crop-specific allele frequencies dropped from the initial level of 0.25 to a mean of 0.03 in the 1998 seedlings and averaged 0.05 in the next generation of seeds. Accounting for differences in flowering phenology and predispersal seed predation did not improve the accuracy of our predictions for 1998 seedlings. Our results suggest that ecological data can be useful for estimating the frequencies of crop genes following episodes of crop-wild hybridization in sunflowers. This approach can be applied to other study systems in which data on survivorship and fecundity are used to estimate a genotype's evolutionary fitness.

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“…In the upper midwest of the continental United States, cultivated sunflower is grown in rotation with spring wheat (Triticum aestivunl L.) and, therefore, volunteer plants are a problem in the subsequent wheat crop (9). Full-season competition by cultivated sunflower at densities of 0.5 to 23 plant/m 2 reduced wheat yield by 5 to 33%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Interference in Soybean (Glycine max)

et al. 1996

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An in-row competition study was conducted in 1991 and 1992 near Silver Lake, KS to determine the relationship of noncultivated common sunflower density to soybean yield, PAR at the soybean canopy, and common sunflower dry matter production. Because of environmental differences, year main effect interactions occurred, so results are presented by year. For example, 0.3 common sunflower plant/m2produced 4030 kg/ha of aboveground dry matter in 1991 and 1300 kg/ha in 1992. Soybean yield reduction ranged from 19 and 17% with 0.3 common sunflower plant/m2to 97 and 95% with 4.6 plant/m2, in 1991 and 1992, respectively. Assuming a treatment cost of $35/ha and a soybean market price of $0.21/kg, economic threshold levels were 0.1 common sunflower plant/m2in 1991, and 0.07 in 1992. Common sunflower at 0.3 plant/m2reduced PAR at the soybean canopy by 390 and 300 μE/m2/s, or 24 and 18% in 1991 and 1992, respectively. We conclude that the ability of common sunflower to intercept PAR above the soybean canopy is an important component in its interference with soybean.

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Sunflower Competition in Wheat

Abstract: GILr-Esere , G. R. eNo Mrr-r-En, S. D.Can. J. Plant Sci. 64: 105-111. 1984. Sunflower

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Interference of the agrestal Helianthus annuus biotype with sunflower growth

Interference of the agrestal Helianthus annuus biotype with sunflower growth

Fecundity Selection in a Sunflower Crop–wild Study: Can Ecological Data Predict Crop Allele Changes?

Common Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Interference in Soybean (Glycine max)

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