Sunflower Genetics from Ancestors to Modern Hybrids—A Review

Radanović, Aleksandra; Miladinović, Dragana; Cvejić, Sandra; Jocković, Milan; Jocić, Siniša

doi:10.3390/genes9110528

Cited by 45 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(121 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, hybrids with short vegetative cycles are also desirable for popularizing sunflower cultivation in non-traditional sunflower-growing regions [34]. Crop domestication has resulted in less genetic diversity than that of the species as a whole.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterotic Effect of Different Cytoplasmic Combinations in Sunflower Hybrids Cultivated Under Diverse Irrigation Regimes

Tyagi

Dhillon

Kaur

et al. 2020

Plants

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The sunflower hybrids hold a narrow cytoplasmic diversity. Besides, the heterotic effect of wild cytoplasmic combinations of sunflower on important traits under water stress has not been explored in detail. Here, we evaluated the different sunflower cytoplasmic combinations in sunflower hybrids using cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) sources as female parents. We used a total of sixteen sunflower genotypes representing twelve CMS lines from wild and conventional sources along with four restorer lines. Twelve CMS lines were crossed with four restorer lines to develop a total of 48 F1 hybrid combinations. The hybrids were evaluated under two different environments (i.e., regular irrigation and water stress) for morphophysiological, yield, and biochemical traits over two years. Heterotic effect for various CMS sources was evaluated on all of the three possible scales, namely, better-parent heterosis (BPH), mid-parent heterosis (MPH), and heterosis as percent of check (PSH-996). For better-parent and mid-parent heterosis, the CMS sources Helianthus annuus, Helianthus argophyllus, and Helianthus debilis demonstrated positive better-parent heterosis for seed yield, oil content, and oleic acid irrespective of the environment. However, the hybrid combinations of different sources when using the genotype RCR8297 as the restorer parent recorded maximum average returns. Furthermore, chlorophyll meter (SPAD) reading positively correlated with days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, and number of leaves per plant in both the environments. Overall, this study identified and compared the heterotic effect of the different cytoplasmic combinations in sunflower under water stress as well as under normal irrigation environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterotic Effect of Different Cytoplasmic Combinations in Sunflower Hybrids Cultivated Under Diverse Irrigation Regimes

Tyagi

Dhillon

Kaur

et al. 2020

Plants

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“…T. monococcum as a whole is resistant to S. avenae; however, a significant variation of the trait was noted among the accessions grown in Dagestan. Accessions belonging to the mountainous Western European and Mediterranean ecological groups were most heavily populated (Radchenko, 2011).…”

Section: Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vavilov's fourth law of natural immunity was confirmed by our study as well: "… a group, or complex, immunity is a quite real fact widespread in nature" (Vavilov, 1964). T. monococcum accessions combining resistance to three aphid species -R. padi, S. avenae, and S. graminum -were identified (Radchenko, 2011). T. monococcum has complex resistance to wheat thrips, sunn pests, frit flies, sawflies, cereal leaf beetles, powdery mildew, smuts, rusts, and other harmful organisms.…”

Section: Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ideas of N.I. Vavilov and current problems of crop genetics

Anisimova

Radchenko

2020

BioComm

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Some results of the studies of plant genetic resources held in the VIR Department of Genetics are discussed in light of N. I. Vavilov’s theories of natural plant immunity, homologous series in hereditary variability, and interspecific hybridization. The long-term investigations resulted in identifying bread wheat, cultivated barley, oat, rye and sorghum accessions with new effective genes for resistance to diseases and pests. The large-scale immunological screening has revealed a narrow genetic diversity in wheat and barley for resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors. On the example of sunflowers, the significance of seed storage proteins for solving problems of domestication and introgressive hybridizations is demonstrated.

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“…Sunflower is generally planted in row widths of 50-75 cm and temperatures below 10 • C can delay germination [4]. At 65 to 85 days after planting, sunflowers can reach a total height of 150-180 cm [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Deficit Irrigation on Shallow Saline Groundwater Contribution and Sunflower Productivity in the Imperial Valley, California

Eltarabily

Burke

Bali

2020

Water

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Yield and production functions of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) were evaluated under full and deficit irrigation practices with the presence of shallow saline groundwater in a semi-arid region in the Imperial Valley of southern California, USA. A growing degree day (GDD) model was utilized to estimate the various growth stages and schedule irrigation events throughout the growing season. The crop was germinated and established using overhead irrigation prior to the use of a subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system for the remainder of the growing season. Four irrigation treatments were implemented: full irrigation (100% full sunflower crop evapotranspiration, ETC), two reduced irrigation scenarios (95% ETC and 80% ETC), and a deficit irrigation scenario (65% ETC). The salinity of the irrigation water (EC) (Colorado River water) was nearly constant at 1.13 dS·m−1 during the growing season. The depth to groundwater and groundwater salinity (ECGW) were continuously monitored in five 3 m deep observation wells. Depth to groundwater fluctuated slightly under the full and reduced irrigation treatments, but drastically increased under deficit irrigation, particularly toward the end of the growing season. Estimates of ECGW ranged from 7.34 to 12.62 dS·m−1. The distribution of soil electrical conductivity (ECS) and soil matric potential were monitored within the active root zone (120 cm) at selected locations in each of the four treatments. By the end of the experiment, soil salinity (ECS) across soil depths ranged from 1.80 to 6.18 dS·m−1. The estimated groundwater contribution to crop evapotranspiration was 9.03 cm or approximately 16.3% of the ETC of the fully irrigated crop. The relative yields were 91.8%, 82.4%, and 83.5% for the reduced (95% and 80% ETC) and deficit (65% ETC) treatments, respectively, while the production function using applied irrigation water (IW) was: yield = 0.0188 × (IW)2 − 15.504 × IW + 4856.8. Yield reduction in response to water stress was attributed to a significant reduction in both seed weight and the number of seed produced resulting in overall average yields of 2048.9, 1879.9, 1688.1, and 1710.3 kg·ha−1 for the full, both reduced, and deficit treatments, respectively. The yield response factor, ky, was 0.63 with R2 = 0.745 and the irrigation water use efficiencies (IWUE) were 3.70, 3.57, 3.81, and 4.75 kg·ha−1·mm−1 for the full, reduced, and deficit treatments, respectively. Our results indicate that sunflowers can sustain the implemented 35% deficit irrigation with root water uptake from shallow groundwater in arid regions with a less than 20% reduction in yield.

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Sunflower Genetics from Ancestors to Modern Hybrids—A Review

Cited by 45 publications

References 60 publications

Heterotic Effect of Different Cytoplasmic Combinations in Sunflower Hybrids Cultivated Under Diverse Irrigation Regimes

Heterotic Effect of Different Cytoplasmic Combinations in Sunflower Hybrids Cultivated Under Diverse Irrigation Regimes

The ideas of N.I. Vavilov and current problems of crop genetics

Impact of Deficit Irrigation on Shallow Saline Groundwater Contribution and Sunflower Productivity in the Imperial Valley, California

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