Sunlight Exposure and Risk of Lens Opacities in a Population-Based Study

West, Sheila K.; Duncan, Donald D.; Muñoz, Beatriz; Rubin, Gary S.; Fried, Linda P.; Bandeen‐Roche, Karen; Schein, Oliver D.

doi:10.1001/jama.280.8.714

Cited by 234 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…[2][3][4] It is also high in mountainous regions with excessive UV irradiation as well as in populations in the temperate regions exposed occupationally to excessive sunlight. Several previous studies have suggested that an excessive incidence of cataracts in such areas is due to the photo-oxidation of the tryptophan residues in the lens proteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 This phenomenon helps to explain the higher incidence of cataracts in areas of the world with a relatively higher dose of solar radiation reaching the earth. [2][3][4] Such a photocatalytic generation of reactive oxygen can be initiated by exposure to visible, as well as the ultraviolet (UV) frequencies, of the solar radiation. The quantum yield of such species is expected to be much higher on irradiation with UV frequencies of relatively lower wavelengths because of their higher photon energy, which is considered adequate to elevate the molecular oxygen from its ground triplet state to the singlet state by direct energy transfer.…”

Section: T Is Well Known That the Pathogenesis Of Cataracts Ismentioning

confidence: 99%

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UV-B-Induced Damage to the Lens In Vitro: Prevention by Caffeine

Varma

Hegde

Ковтун

2008

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is one of the significant risk factors in the genesis of cataracts. Pathogenetically, the process can be triggered by the intraocular generation of various reactive species of oxygen that are well known to be initiated by the penetration of light, especially of the UV frequencies. The contribution of UV exposure in the etiology of this disease is likely to increase further due to ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere. The present studies were undertaken to examine if the UV effects can be attenuated with the xanthine-based alkaloids primarily present in tea and coffee. We have examined this possibility by in vitro lens culture studies with caffeine. As expected, mice lenses incubated in Tyrode solution exposed to UV at 302 nm are physiologically damaged, as evidenced by the inhibition of the active transport of 86 Rb ϩ , an ion acting as a surrogate of the K ϩ . There was a simultaneous decrease in the levels of adenosine triphosphate and glutathione. The addition of caffeine to the medium prevented such deleterious effects. That caffeine and perhaps other xanthinoids have a protective effect against cataract formation induced by UV has hence been demonstrated for the first time. 439

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: T Is Well Known That the Pathogenesis Of Cataracts Ismentioning

confidence: 99%

UV-B-Induced Damage to the Lens In Vitro: Prevention by Caffeine

Varma

Hegde

Ковтун

2008

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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“…Eye disorders such as cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, pterygium and photokeratitis have been shown to be sun related [5]. Cataracts are a major public health problem, being the primary cause of blindness in humans [6]. Skin cancer is a major health problem that can be reduced through minimisation of UV exposures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of summer daylight saving time on scattered erythemal solar ultraviolet exposures

Parisi

Turner

Turnbull

et al. 2008

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

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The research question of whether there are any influences in the scattered or diffuse erythemal UV exposures to a horizontal plane over a five month period due to the change from standard time to daylight saving time, has been investigated by using physical measurements and applying them to both standard time and daylight saving time. The diffuse erythemal UV was considered for fixed lunch break times and fixed morning and afternoon break times. The cases considered were for groups of the population who are predominantly indoors and who spend their break times outdoors in shade. The biggest influence on the diffuse UV exposures of changing to daylight saving time is the timing of the outdoor meal and break times. The change causes a reduction in diffuse erythemal exposure for early or morning breaks and an increase in the diffuse erythemal exposure for late or afternoon breaks. Similarly, for the lunch break times, the changes in exposure are influenced by the timing of the break with respect to solar noon. Indoor workers who take their breaks outside in a shaded area may have a change in their exposure to diffuse UV due to a shift to daylight saving time, however the magnitude of this change and whether it is a positive or negative change in exposure will depend on the timing of the break. The increase in diffuse UV exposure due to the afternoon break may be negated by the decrease in exposure due to the morning break. In this case, the effect on diffuse UV exposures due to changing to daylight saving time will be minimal.

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“…Examples of suggestions that have been made to reduce ocular exposures to solar UV radiation are the wearing of sunglasses and hats 1,5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%