Sunlight exposure vs. vitamin D supplementation on bone homeostasis of vitamin D deficient rats

Abulmeaty, Mahmoud M. A.

doi:10.1016/j.yclnex.2016.10.003

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This finding is consistent with previous studies exploring the links of vitamin D obtained via dietary intake or supplementation, serum 25(OH)D, and sunlight exposure with BMD, osteoporosis, or fractures [20,21,23,33]. One experimental study using rats reported that PTH was significantly reduced in the sun-exposed vitamin D-deficient group (67.69 ± 13.18 pg/ml) compared to the levels in the vitamin D-supplemented rats (78.93 ± 8.31 pg/ml) and vitamin D-deficient rats (86.05 ± 9.67 pg/ml) [22]. Regarding sunlight exposure in humans, one study demonstrated that high BG grade as a biomarker of lifetime UV radiation had beneficial associations with reduced fracture prevalence in females (fewer major fractures in women with higher BG grade than lower BG grade, relative risk (RR) = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.60-0.97) [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, an experimental study demonstrated that sunlight exposure is more effective for improving bone structure than vitamin D supplementation in rats [22]. One study confirmed that fracture prevalence was inversely associated with lifetime ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure according to the Beagley-Gibson (BG) grade in women [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between Physical Activity, Sunshine Duration and Osteoporosis According to Obesity and Other Lifestyle Factors: A Nested Case–Control Study

Min

Yoo

Choi

2021

IJERPH

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(1) Background: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the associations between physical activity (PA), sunshine duration (SD) and the occurrence of osteoporosis according to lifestyle status. (2) Methods: Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service–National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) collected from 2009 to 2015 were used. Osteoporosis (n = 19,351) and control (n = 38,702) participants were matched in a 1:2 ratio according to age, sex, income, and region of residence. PA was classified as moderate- to high-intensity PA (MHPA) or low-intensity PA (LPA) based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). SD was classified as short (≤6 h) or long (>6 h). Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of MHPA and long SD for the occurrence of osteoporosis. Subgroup analyses were performed according to SD (or PA), obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. (3) The adjusted OR of MHPA for osteoporosis was 0.90 (95% CI = 0.87–0.94). The results were consistent in the age/sex, SD, obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption subgroups, but not the <60-year-old male and underweight subgroups. The adjusted OR of long SD for osteoporosis was 0.96 (95% CI = 0.93–1.00). The findings were consistent in the <60-year-old female, obese, nonsmoker, and <1 time a week alcohol consumption subgroups. (4) Conclusions: We suggest that both higher intensity of PA and long SD could decrease the risk of osteoporosis. Specifically, PA could decrease the risk of osteoporosis in individuals with most characteristics except male sex or underweight. Long SD could decrease the risk of osteoporosis in young females, obese individuals, nonsmokers, and individuals with lower alcohol consumption.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Physical Activity, Sunshine Duration and Osteoporosis According to Obesity and Other Lifestyle Factors: A Nested Case–Control Study

Min

Yoo

Choi

2021

IJERPH

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“…Vitamin D supplementation for children at risk is another option for consideration, though supplementation appears to be less effective than the effect of sunlight on the skin. A recent study demonstrated that vitamin D obtained from exposure to sunlight had a more positive effect than a vitamin D supplement on bone structure and certain hormones and minerals in vitamin D deficient rats, who presented with improved trabecular thickness, number and spacing after 10 days of sun exposure [ 66 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D, pregnancy and caries in children in the INMA-Asturias birth cohort

et al. 2021

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Background Vitamin D is traditionally associated with the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, a process essential for the mineralization of hard tissue such as bone or tooth. Deficiency of this vitamin is a problem worldwide, however. Given the possibly significant role of Vitamin D in odontogenesis in children, the objective of our study was to determine the influence of vitamin D levels in the blood on dental anomalies in children between 6 and 10 years of age, by means of 25-hydroxy vitamin D tests performed during pregnancy and the first years of life. Methods The data analyzed were sourced from data belonging to the INMA-Asturias birth cohort, a prospective cohort study initiated in 2004 as part of the INMA Project. The 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) test was performed with samples from 188 children in the INMA-Asturias birth cohort with a dental examination performed between 6 and 10 years of age. The samples were taken at three stages: in the mother at 12 weeks of gestation, and subsequently in the child at 4 and 8 years of age. Diet, nutritional and oro-dental hygiene habits were also analyzed by means of questionnaires. Results The results indicate a significant association between caries and correct or incorrect brushing technique. With incorrect brushing technique, the prevalence of caries was 48.89%, but this dropped to 22.38% with correct brushing technique. An association was also found between tooth decay and frequency of sugar intake. The prevalence of caries was 24.54% with occasional sugar intake, but this rose to 56% with regular sugar intake. On the other hand, levels < 20 ng/ml in both mother and child at 8 years of age would also be risk factors (ORgest = 2.51(1.01–6.36) and OR8years = 3.45(1.14–11.01)) for the presence of caries in children. The risk of caries practically tripled where 25(OH) D values were < 20 ng/ml. Conclusions Although incorrect brushing technique and regular sugar consumption was found to be the main cause of caries in the children, the low concentrations of vitamin D in the blood of the pregnant mothers may have magnified this correlation, indicating that the monitoring of vitamin D levels during pregnancy should be included in antenatal programmes. It is particularly striking that 50% of the children were deficient in vitamin D at the age of 4, and that dental floss was practically absent from regular cleaning routines.

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“…The source of vitamin D in mice is the same as in humans. Despite being covered by fur, rodents produce vitamin D from 7-dehydrocholesterol after exposure to sun [19], but due to their nocturnal life, mice have less opportunities than humans to expose themselves to sun. In addition, both species can absorb vitamin D from the diet and humans also use supplements [20].…”

Section: Vitamin D System In Humans and Micementioning

confidence: 99%

The Vitamin D System in Humans and Mice: Similar but Not the Same

Marcinkowska

2020

Reports

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Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin from 7-dehydrocholesterol subsequently to exposure to UVB radiation or is absorbed from the diet. Vitamin D undergoes enzymatic conversion to its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D), a ligand to the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR), which activates target gene expression. The best-known role of 1,25D is to maintain healthy bones by increasing the intestinal absorption and renal reuptake of calcium. Besides bone maintenance, 1,25D has many other functions, such as the inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of cell differentiation, augmentation of innate immune functions, and reduction of inflammation. Significant amounts of data regarding the role of vitamin D, its metabolism and VDR have been provided by research performed using mice. Despite the fact that humans and mice share many similarities in their genomes, anatomy and physiology, there are also differences between these species. In particular, there are differences in composition and regulation of the VDR gene and its expression, which is discussed in this article.

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Sunlight exposure vs. vitamin D supplementation on bone homeostasis of vitamin D deficient rats

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Associations between Physical Activity, Sunshine Duration and Osteoporosis According to Obesity and Other Lifestyle Factors: A Nested Case–Control Study

Associations between Physical Activity, Sunshine Duration and Osteoporosis According to Obesity and Other Lifestyle Factors: A Nested Case–Control Study

Vitamin D, pregnancy and caries in children in the INMA-Asturias birth cohort

The Vitamin D System in Humans and Mice: Similar but Not the Same

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