Sunlight Persistence and Rainfastness of Spray-Dried Formulations of Baculovirus Isolated FromAnagrapha falcifera(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract

Nuclear polyhedrosis viruses such as the one isolated from the celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby) (AfMNPV), have the potential to be successful bioinsecticides if improved formulations can prevent rapid loss of insecticidal activity from environmental conditions such as sunlight and rainfall. We tested 16 spray-dried formulations of AfMNPV to determine the effect of different ingredients (e.g., lignin, corn flour, and so on) on insecticidal activity after simulated rain and simulated sunlight (at Peoria, IL) and natural sunlight exposures (at Tifton, GA). The most effective formulation contained pregelatinized corn flour and potassium lignate, which retained more than half of its original activity after 5 cm of simulated rain, and almost full activity after 8 h of simulated sunlight. In Georgia, formulations made with and without lignin were compared for persistence of insecticidal activity when exposed to natural sunlight. In addition, the effect of fluorescent brighteners as formulation components and spray tank additives was tested. Results showed that the formulations with lignin had more insecticidal activity remaining after sunlight exposure than formulations without lignin. The inclusion of brighteners in the formulation did not improve initial activity or virus persistence. However, a 1% tank mix significantly enhanced activity and improved persistence. Scanning electron micrographs revealed discreet particles, and transmission electron micrographs showed virus embedded within microgranules. Results demonstrated that formulations made with natural ingredients could improve persistence of virus-based biopesticides.

Feeding and arrestment responses of Diabrotica speciosa to cucurbitacin-content formulations

“…Lignin formulations were reported as improving starch-based formulations (Tamez-Guerra et al, 2000); results from this study (Table 1) did not confirm this previous observation. Differences in starch composition probably affect the interactions with lignin and consequentially adherence.…”

“…Powdered fruits (100 g) were mixed with distillated water: 2-propanol (4:1) (2,000 mL). Formulations were prepared using starch alone, or in combination with potassium lignate prepared mixing kraft lignin with potassium hydroxide and deionized water (Tamez-Guerra et al, 2000). Starch sources were: corn (Zea mays L.) starch Maizena; cassava (Manihot esculentum Crantz) starch Zaeli, and cassava starch Pinduca.…”

“…Starch and L. vulgaris powder were combined in equal parts. Additional procedures were carried out according to Tamez-Guerra et al (2000).…”

Effects of an optical brightener on the development, body weight and sex ratio ofSpodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

“…However, one of the most important factors that limits baculovirus efficacy is their susceptibility to ultraviolet (UV) light (Ignoffo et al ., 1977). Sensitivity to UV light has motivated studies on the use of adjuvants in baculovirus formulations that can improve the insecticide activity and persistence in the field (Shapiro et al ., 1987;Tamez-Guerra et al ., 2000;McGuire et al ., 2001;Castillejos et al ., 2002).…”

Isca amilácea de cucurbitacina (Lagenaria vulgaris L.) promove maior eficiência do inseticida carbaril no controle de Diabrotica speciosa, em laboratório

“…O pó de porongo (100g) foi misturado a uma solução de água destilada e 2-propanol, na proporção 4:1 (2000mL). Para conferir adesividade à isca, foi adicionado amido (100g) à mistura que posteriormente foi passada por Spray Drier, segundo metodologia de TAMEZ-GUERRA et al (2000).…”