Sunscreen Product Formulation

Tanner, Paul R.

doi:10.1016/j.det.2005.09.002

Cited by 56 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…During the 1980s and 1990s, sunscreen agent development focused on formulations and UV filters that could further increase the SPF (38). Today, sunscreens are nearly ubiquitous components of personal care products including "daily moisturizers, antiaging products, cosmetics, and recreation skin products" (39).…”

Section: Sunscreen Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on photoprotection

Palm

O'Donoghue

2007

Dermatologic Therapy

145

135

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Photoprotection is an effective method for preventing damaging effects from ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Photoprotection is accomplished through the use of sunscreens, protective clothing, and safe sun practices. Sunscreens are composed of various UV filters, including inorganic/physical blockers and organic/chemical sunscreen agents. New technologies are emerging in sunscreen development and may soon be available to U.S. consumers. General guidelines for sunscreen use should be reinforced to improve patient compliance and sunscreen efficacy. Habitual use of sunscreen is recommended with UV exposure, and concerns for vitamin D deficiency with sunscreen use should not supersede proper photoprotective behavior.

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Section: Sunscreen Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on photoprotection

Palm

O'Donoghue

2007

Dermatologic Therapy

145

135

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“…Organic UV-filters tend to be poorly soluble in water and can be unstable under UV exposure conditions, and as such, additional chemical stabilising agents are typically added (Tanner 2006). From a safety perspective, some of the most commonly used UVfilters have been on the market for decades with a low incidence of acute skin pathologies, such as butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDBM, avobenzone), octylmethoxycinnamate (OMC), octylsalicylate (OS), homosalate (HS), and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZnO nanoparticles and organic chemical UV-filters are equally well tolerated by human immune cells

et al. 2016

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An important part of assessing the toxic potential of nanoparticles for specific applications should be the direct comparison of biological activities with those of alternative materials for the same application. Nanoparticulate inorganic ultraviolet (UV) filters, such as zinc oxide (ZnO), are commonly incorporated into transparent sunscreen and cosmetic formulations. However, concerns have been raised about potential unwanted effects, despite their negligible skin penetration and inherent advantages over organic chemical UV-filters. To provide useful application-relevant assessments of their potential hazard with/without UVA co-exposure, we directly compared cytotoxic and immune response profiles of human THP-1 monocytic cells to ZnO nanoparticles (30 nm) with bulk ZnO particulates (200 nm) and five conventional organic chemical UV-filters - butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane (avobenzone), octylmethoxycinnamate, octylsalicylate, homosalate and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor. High exposure concentrations of both organic and particulate UV-filters were required to cause cytotoxicity in monocyte and macrophage cultures after 24 h. Co-exposure with UVA (6.7 J/cm(2)) did not alter cytotoxicity profiles. Particle surface area-based dose responses showed that ZnO NPs were better tolerated than bulk ZnO. Organic and particulate UV-filters increased apoptosis at similar doses. Only particulates increased the generation of reactive oxygen species. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) release was increased by all particulates, avobenzone, homosalate and octylsalicylate. IL-1β release was only increased in macrophages by exposure to avobenzone and homosalate. In conclusion, direct effects were caused in monocytes and macrophages at similar concentrations of both organic UV-filters and ZnO nanoparticulates - indicating that their intrinsic cytotoxicity is similar. With their lower skin penetration, ZnO nanoparticles are expected to have lower bioactivity when used in sunscreens.

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“…UV absorbers can be divided into 2 groups: organic filters and inorganic blockers. Organic filters are chromophores that absorb UV radiation, 79 whereas inorganic blockers (zinc oxide and titanium dioxide) can both absorb and reflect or scatter UV radiation. 80,81 The growing appreciation of the role of ROS in UV-induced lesions has inspired the inclusion of a third class of sunscreen components, antioxidants such as vitamins C and E, 82 the clinical value of which remains to be demonstrated.…”

Section: "I Choose a Sunscreen By Its Spf"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-melanoma Skin Cancer in Canada Chapter 2: Primary Prevention of Non-melanoma Skin Cancer

Barber

Searles

Vender³

et al. 2015

J Cutan Med Surg

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Background: Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), including basal and squamous cell carcinoma (BCC and SCC), represents the most common malignancy. Objective: To provide guidance to Canadian health care practitioners regarding primary prevention of NMSC. Methods: Structured literature searches were conducted, using search terms including prevention, sunscreen, and sun prevention factor. All recommendations concern guidance that physicians should regularly discuss with their patients to help establish photoprotection habits. The GRADE system was used to assign strength to each recommendation. Results: Ultraviolet exposure is the major modifiable risk factor for NMSC. Aspects of photoprotection, including effective sunscreen use and avoidance of both the midday sun and artificial tanning, are discussed. Several widespread misunderstandings that undermine responsible public health measures related to sun safety are addressed. Conclusions: Photoprotection represents both an individual priority and a public health imperative. By providing accurate information during routine patient visits, physicians reinforce the need for ongoing skin cancer prevention. RésuméContexte : De tous les cancers, le carcinome cutané (non-mélanome), y compris le carcinome basocellulaire et le carcinome spinocellulaire, est le plus fréquent. Objectif : Fournir des conseils aux professionnels canadiens de la santé au sujet de la prévention du carcinome cutané. Méthodologie : On a effectué des recherches documentaires structurées à l'aide de divers mots clés, dont « prévention », « écran solaire » et « facteur de protection solaire ». Toutes les recommandations que nous avons repérées portent sur des conseils dont les médecins devraient régulièrement discuter avec leurs patients pour les aider à adopter des habitudes de photoprotection. On a utilisé l'échelle GRADE pour évaluer la pertinence de chacune des recommandations. Résultats : L'exposition aux rayons UV est le plus important facteur de risque modifiable du carcinome cutané. Certains aspects de la photoprotection, entre autres l'utilisation efficace d'un écran solaire, l'évitement du soleil de mi-journée et l'évitement du bronzage artificiel, sont examinés. Plusieurs croyances erronées répandues nuisent aux mesures de santé publique en matière de protection contre le soleil. Conclusions : La photoprotection constitue autant une priorité personnelle qu'un impératif de santé publique. En fournissant des renseignements précis aux patients lors des visites de routine, les médecins insistent sur la nécessité d'une prévention continue du cancer de la peau.

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Sunscreen Product Formulation

Cited by 56 publications

References 5 publications

Update on photoprotection

Update on photoprotection

ZnO nanoparticles and organic chemical UV-filters are equally well tolerated by human immune cells

Non-melanoma Skin Cancer in Canada Chapter 2: Primary Prevention of Non-melanoma Skin Cancer

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