Sunshine records from Ireland: cloud factors and possible links to solar activity and cosmic rays

Πάλλη, Ε.; Butler, C. J.

doi:10.1002/joc.657

Cited by 85 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…(2006) correlation coefficient of 0.88. Likewise, it has been shown by Pallé and Butler (2001) that the behaviour of cloud cover over Ireland over time is similar to that over the North Atlantic and, indeed, further afield. Thus, long meteorological time series from Ireland are not just of local significance but have added value as proxies for the wider North Atlantic area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…In winter data, which contributes only a small amount to the annual total, the trend is effectively flat. The fall in sunshine hours is believed to be due to increasing cloudiness and is clearly seen not only at Armagh, but in data from Valentia, Birr and the Phoenix Park (Pallé and Butler 2001). In Fig.…”

Section: Sunshinementioning

confidence: 88%

“…The daily total number of hours of bright sunshine has been recorded at Armagh since 1880 using a Campbell-Stokes Sunshine Recorder (Pallé and Butler 2001;Butler et al . 2005d).…”

Section: Sunshinementioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends and Cycles in Long Irish Meteorological Series

Butler¹,

García-Suárez²,

Πάλλη³

2007

Biology & Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Acade

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We have analysed the trends in four long meteorological time series from Armagh Observatory and compared them with series available from other Irish sites. We find that although maximum and minimum temperatures have risen in line with global averages, minima have risen faster than maxima, thereby reducing the daily temperature range. The total number of hours of bright sunshine has fallen since 1885 at the four sites studied, which is consistent with both a rise in cloudiness and the fall in the daily temperature range. Over the past century, soil temperatures at both 30cm and 100cm depths have risen twice as fast as air temperature.Wavelet analysis has found significant cycles with periods of 7Á 8 years, 20Á 23 years and 30 Á 33 years in the seasonal and annual meteorological series from Armagh. Some of these cycles are clearly linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Sunshinementioning

confidence: 88%

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Trends and Cycles in Long Irish Meteorological Series

Butler¹,

García-Suárez²,

Πάλλη³

2007

Biology & Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Acade

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“…There appears to be a decreasing trend in the DTR, which is more pronounced at the beginning and end of the series than in the middle. Palle and Butler (2001) have remarked on the gradually increasing cloud levels over Ireland since the late 19th century that is seen from declining numbers of sunshine hours, as well as other data. The gradual decline in DTR, seen in Figure 8, would be consistent with such an increase in cloudiness.…”

Section: Series Ii: Maximum Minimum Temperatures and The Daily Tempementioning

confidence: 90%

“…The geographical location of Armagh, close to and on the eastern margin (windward) of the North Atlantic, ensures that its climate is strongly influenced by the ocean and thereby representative of a larger region than just Northern Ireland. Indeed, it has been shown by Palle and Butler (2001) that cloud cover over Ireland is strongly correlated with cloud cover over the North Atlantic and even over oceans in mid-high latitudes, globally. Thus, conclusions based on local site-specific series, such as that from Armagh, can have much wider repercussions for our understanding of how climate in Europe has changed over the past 200 years.…”

Section: Comparison Of the Armagh Temperature Series With Other Northmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air temperatures at Armagh Observatory, Northern Ireland, from 1796 to 2002

Butler

Suarez

Coughlin

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Three independent mean temperature series for Armagh Observatory, covering the period 1796-2002 have been calibrated and corrected for the time of reading and exposure. Agreement between the three series is good in regions of overlap. With a short gap in the Armagh data from 1825 to 1833 filled by data from two stations in Dublin, the resulting series is the longest for the island of Ireland and one of the longest for any single site in the British Isles.Over the past 207 years, we note that temperatures in Armagh, in all seasons, show a gradual overall trend upwards. However, there are seasonal differences: summer and spring temperatures have increased by only half as much as those in autumn and winter. This is partly due to the exceptionally cold winters and autumns experienced prior to 1820. Relative to the overall trend, warm periods occurred in Ireland, as in other parts of Europe, in the mid-19th century, in the mid-20th century and at the end of the 20th century. Relatively cool temperatures prevailed in the early 19th century, in the 1880s and in the 1970s. Thus, if the baseline against which current temperatures are compared were moved from the late 19th century to include the earlier warm period, the apparent warming at the end of the late 20th century would be correspondingly reduced.A gradual decline in the daily temperature range at Armagh since 1844 may have resulted from higher minimum temperatures associated with increased cloudiness.A 7.8 year periodicity is identified in winter and spring mean temperatures at Armagh, which is probably a consequence of the North Atlantic oscillation.

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The signal of aerosol‐induced changes in sunshine duration records: A review of the evidence

et al. 2014

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Aerosols play a significant yet complex and central role in the Earth's radiation budget, and knowledge of long-term changes in the atmospheric turbidity induced by aerosols is therefore fundamental for a better understanding of climate change. However, there is little available information on changes in aerosol concentration in the atmosphere, especially prior to the 1980s. The present paper reviews publications reporting the suitability of sunshine duration records with regard to detecting changes in atmospheric aerosols. Some of the studies reviewed propose methods for estimating aerosol-related magnitudes, such as turbidity, from sunshine deficit at approximately sunrise and sunset, when the impact of aerosols on the solar beam is more easily observed. In addition, there is abundant evidence that one cause of the decadal changes observed in sunshine duration records involves variations in atmospheric aerosol loading. Possible directions for future research are also suggested: in particular, detailed studies of the burn (not only its length but also its width) registered by means of Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorders may provide a way of creating time series of atmospheric aerosol loading metrics dating back to over 120 years from the present.

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Sunshine records from Ireland: cloud factors and possible links to solar activity and cosmic rays

Cited by 85 publications

References 30 publications

Trends and Cycles in Long Irish Meteorological Series

Trends and Cycles in Long Irish Meteorological Series

Air temperatures at Armagh Observatory, Northern Ireland, from 1796 to 2002

The signal of aerosol‐induced changes in sunshine duration records: A review of the evidence

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