¹H NMR-based metabolomics studies on the effect of size-fractionated fish protein hydrolysate, fish meal and plant protein in diet for juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximusL.)

Abstract

This study was designed to evaluate changes in the metabolic profile of liver and muscle of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) fed fishmeal-based diet, diets containing sizefractionated fish protein hydrolysate and plant proteinbased diet using 1 H NMR-based metabolomics approach combined with the growth. Fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) was obtained by enzymatic treatment, permeate fraction was obtained as UF by ultrafiltered step, and retentate fraction was retained as RF. FM diet contained fish meal used as a single protein source. Four other diets (PP, UF, FPH and RF) contained 180 g kg À1 diet fish meal. 54, 55 and 55 g kg À1 dry diet UF, FPH and RF were supplemented to UF, FPH and RF diets. All diets were formulated to be isolipidic and isonitrogenous fed to five triplicate groups of turbot (16.05 AE 0.03 g) for 68 days. O-PLS-DA in FM versus UF, FM versus FPH, FM versus RF and FM versus PP resulted in a reliable model for muscle and liver tissue, while O-PLS-DA in UF versus FPH and UF versus RF only showed metabolites changes in liver tissue. Results indicated that metabolite changes among the different treatments were consistent with the growth tendency.

Metabolomics and fish nutrition: a review in the context of sustainable feed development

“…In juvenile turbot ( Scophtalmus maximus L.) fed for 68 days with a high content of plant‐based proteins (57% of dry matter), muscle had higher contents of malate, fumarate and glycine which, as previously mentioned, are related to energy metabolism (Wei et al . ). Indeed, fumarate and malate are important TCA cycle intermediates and their upregulation either suggests a TCA cycle inhibition or a stimulation of energy metabolism.…”

“…The partial substitution by fish protein hydrolysate in juvenile turbot tended to increase creatinine and glucose and reduced glutamine (Wei et al . ). Ultrafiltered fish protein hydrolysate to replace crude FM especially tended to decrease lactate, fumarate and alanine (Wei et al .…”

“…; Wei et al . ). Depending on the diet, glucose content either increased in juvenile turbot and Atlantic salmon or decreased in red drum.…”

“…; Wei et al . ). Although choline metabolism is essential in muscle, it is thought that choline metabolism in mammals is enhanced to limit the metabolic pressure on liver induced by lipid accumulation linked to the stimulation of cholesterol metabolism and lipoprotein synthesis (Cole et al .…”

“…These three amino acids are known to be primary substrates of the TCA cycle, which may suggest their greater use to counterbalance the energy‐deficient state suggested by the authors (Wei et al . ) and their higher supply by protein catabolism supported by reduced growth (Li et al . ).…”