<sup>36</sup>Cl in modern atmospheric precipitation

a b s t r a c tDistribution of 36 Cl/Cl ratios in a river-recharged aquifer was investigated in the Oderbruch area, northeastern Germany. The aquifer is confined up to 3.5-4 km inland, where it changes to an unconfined condition. The 36 Cl/Cl ratios in the confined area were in the range between 4.6 Â 10 À14 and 23.1 Â 10 À14 , showing a peak at 2-3 km away from the river. A plot of 36 Cl/Cl vs. reciprocal Cl À concentrations indicated possible effect of the Cl À concentration variation on the observed 36 Cl/Cl ratios. After accounting for this effect, the estimated 36 Cl fallout rates for the last 30 yrs show reasonable agreement with the Dye-3 data and the mid-latitude background value. The results suggest that a local 36 Cl fallout curve can be constructed from groundwater when dispersive mixing is of minor importance.

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“…They attributed it to storage and recycling of chlorine (including bomb-produced 36 Cl) in the biosphere [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of 36Cl/Cl in a river-recharged aquifer: Implications for the fallout rate of bomb-produced 36Cl

Tosaki¹,

Massmann²,

Tase³

et al. 2010

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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“…The 36 Cl fallout rates in Denmark, as reconstructed by Corcho Alvarado et al (2005), exceeded the estimates based on data from the Dye‐3 ice core, Greenland (Synal et al 1990). The authors attributed this discrepancy to the storage and recycling of chlorine in the biosphere (e.g., Scheffel et al 1999). The nature of such storage and recycling was thoroughly evaluated at a wet, forested site in Canada by Milton et al (2003) based on the measurements of 36 Cl in groundwater, vegetation, and soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Groundwater Residence Time Using the ³⁶Cl Bomb Pulse

Tosaki¹,

Tase²,

Sasa³

et al. 2011

Groundwater

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We propose a methodology for estimating the residence time of groundwater based on bomb-produced (36)Cl. Water samples were collected from 28 springs and 2 flowing wells located around Mt. Fuji, Central Japan. (36)Cl/Cl ratios in the water samples, determined by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), were between 43 × 10(-15) and 412 × 10(-15). A reference time series of the above-background (i.e., bomb-derived) (36)Cl concentration was constructed by linearly scaling the background-corrected Dye-3 data according to the estimated total bomb-produced (36)Cl fallout in the Mt. Fuji area. Assuming piston flow transport, estimates of residence time were obtained by comparing the measured bomb-derived (36)Cl concentrations in spring water with the reference curve. The distribution of (36)Cl-based residence times is basically consistent with that of tritium-based estimates calculated from data presented in previous studies, although the estimated residence times differ between the two tracers. This discrepancy may reflect chlorine recycling via vegetation or the relatively small change in fallout rate, approximately since 1975, which would give rise to large uncertainties in (36)Cl-based estimates of recharge for the period, approximately since 1975. Given the estimated ages for groundwater from flowing wells, dating based on a (36)Cl bomb pulse may be more reliable and sensitive for groundwater recharged before 1975, back as far as the mid-1950s.

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“…The 36 Cl fallout rates in Denmark, as reconstructed by (Alvarado et al, 2005), exceeded the estimates based on data from the Dye-3 ice core, Poland (DowgiałłO et al, 1990). The authors attributed this discrepancy to the storage and recycling of chlorine in the biosphere (Scheffel, 1999). The 36 Cl fallout rates in Greenland, as reconstructed by Lecavalier (Lecavalier, 2013), were consistent with Dye-3 fallout data, suggesting that the successful application of 36 Cl is dependent of the conditions of the study site.…”

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confidence: 59%

Application of Chlorine-36 Technique in Determining the Age of Modern Groundwater in Al-Zulfi Province

Challan

2014

JNSM

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The present study aims to estimate the residence-time of groundwater based on bomb-produced 36 Cl. Water samples were collected from some selected wells located around Al-Zulfi province, Riyadh central region, Saudi Arabia. 36 Cl/Cl ratios in the water samples are determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) and Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC). 36 Cl/Cl ratios in the groundwater were estimated to be 1.0-2.0×10 −10. The shallow unconfined aquifer of the area is mainly replenished by the water infiltration from the seasonal rains. Estimates of residence time were obtained by comparing the measured bomb-derived 36 Cl concentrations in groundwater with the background reference. Dating based on a 36 Cl bomb pulse may be more reliable and sensitive for groundwater recharged before 1975, back as far as the mid-1950s. The above 36 Cl-background concentration was deduced by determining accurately the background corrected Dye-3 ice core data from the frozen Arctic Data, according to the estimated total 36 Cl resources, including bomb-produced 36 Cl fallout. Estimated residence time of 7.81×10 4 y is obtained from extrapolated flow velocity. 36 Cl concentration in groundwater does not reflect the input of bomb pulse 36 Cl, and it belongs to the era before 1950.

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³⁶Cl in modern atmospheric precipitation

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

Distribution of 36Cl/Cl in a river-recharged aquifer: Implications for the fallout rate of bomb-produced 36Cl

Distribution of 36Cl/Cl in a river-recharged aquifer: Implications for the fallout rate of bomb-produced 36Cl

Estimation of Groundwater Residence Time Using the ³⁶Cl Bomb Pulse

Application of Chlorine-36 Technique in Determining the Age of Modern Groundwater in Al-Zulfi Province

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36Cl in modern atmospheric precipitation

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

Distribution of 36Cl/Cl in a river-recharged aquifer: Implications for the fallout rate of bomb-produced 36Cl

Distribution of 36Cl/Cl in a river-recharged aquifer: Implications for the fallout rate of bomb-produced 36Cl

Estimation of Groundwater Residence Time Using the 36Cl Bomb Pulse

Application of Chlorine-36 Technique in Determining the Age of Modern Groundwater in Al-Zulfi Province

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Product

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³⁶Cl in modern atmospheric precipitation

Estimation of Groundwater Residence Time Using the ³⁶Cl Bomb Pulse