2017
DOI: 10.1038/srep40730
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Super-strong materials for temperatures exceeding 2000 °C

Abstract: Ceramics based on group IV-V transition metal borides and carbides possess melting points above 3000 °C, are ablation resistant and are, therefore, candidates for the design of components of next generation space vehicles, rocket nozzle inserts, and nose cones or leading edges for hypersonic aerospace vehicles. As such, they will have to bear high thermo-mechanical loads, which makes strength at high temperature of great importance. While testing of these materials above 2000 °C is necessary to prove their cap… Show more

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Cited by 108 publications
(69 citation statements)
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“…Synthesizing ZrB 2 from metallic Zr required hot-pressing at 2100°C to reach full density, while the material employing ZrH 2 was hot-pressed to full density at 1900°C. 39 Tungsten additions have also been shown by Zou et al 34 and Silvestroni et al 40 to improve the elevated temperature mechanical properties. [16][17][18][19][20][21]23,24 Chamberlain et al 16 and Lonergan et al 9 both reported approximately 2 vol% residual ZrO 2 in their dense ceramics.…”
mentioning
confidence: 88%
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“…Synthesizing ZrB 2 from metallic Zr required hot-pressing at 2100°C to reach full density, while the material employing ZrH 2 was hot-pressed to full density at 1900°C. 39 Tungsten additions have also been shown by Zou et al 34 and Silvestroni et al 40 to improve the elevated temperature mechanical properties. [16][17][18][19][20][21]23,24 Chamberlain et al 16 and Lonergan et al 9 both reported approximately 2 vol% residual ZrO 2 in their dense ceramics.…”
mentioning
confidence: 88%
“…Reaction of amorphous B with Zr 16 or ZrH 2 9 resulted in the formation of nano-crystalline ZrB 2 at 950°C, which coarsened to produce sub-micron ZrB 2 particles following isothermal holds at 1450°C and 1650°C. 13,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] Tungsten additions have been demonstrated to improve the strength of ZrB 2 based ceramics, with Chamberlain et al producing ZrB 2 -SiC containing W with a strength in excess of 1 GPa at room temperature. Previous studies of RHP ZrB 2 have all observed residual ZrO 2 present in the microstructure.…”
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confidence: 99%
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“…Although superior room temperature mechanical properties have been reported for TiB 2 , no TiB 2 ‐based material with superior high‐temperature strength has been reported to date. In contrast, ZrB 2 ‐based materials with outstanding high‐temperature strength can be produced by the addition of tungsten carbide (WC), where promising retention of strength at temperatures exceeding 2000°C has been reported . The mechanism for the outstanding high‐temperature performance is suggested to be the segregation of W into grain boundaries that significantly strengthens grain boundaries from first‐principles calculations, since high‐temperature fracture of ZrB 2 is dominated by intergranular fracture .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Silvestroni et al demonstrated that ZrB 2 ‐based ceramics with core‐shell microstructures had strengths as high as 840 MPa at 1800°C. The microstructure was composed of a ZrB 2 core surrounded by a shell of (Zr,W)B 2 solid solution, and the high strengths were attributed to the resulting grain refinement effects . Dai et al studied the behavior of various TM solutes in ZrB 2 computationally with the aim of predicting solute effects on mechanical properties.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%