Superabsorbent nanocomposite synthesis of cellulose from rice husk grafted poly(acrylate acid-co-acrylamide)/bentonite

Nanocomposites Comprising Cellulose and Nanomagnetite as Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Synthesis of Biodiesel from Oleic Acid

“…The cellulose from rice husks is in accordance with its use in previous research (Helmiyati et al, 2017). Anhydrous acetate (Merck) was used for the synthesis of acetylated nanocellulose, while iron(III) chloride), iron(II) sulfate (Sigma Aldrich) and NH4OH (Merck) were used as materials for the synthesis of nanomagnetite.…”

“…XRD characterization was performed on the acetylated nanocellulose, magnetite Fe3O4 and compared to the nanocomposites of cellulose magnetite, as shown in Figure 3. Figure 3a shows that the diffraction patterns of acetylated nanocellulose have a sharp peak at 21.3° and a weak peak at 14.2°, which is characteristic of cellulose, which usually has a peak at around 22.4° called the intensity of crystalline, and peak at 18.25° called the intensity of amorphous (Helmiyati et al, 2017). Figure 3b shows that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles have five peaks at 30.20°, 35.50°, 43.10°, 57.00° and 62.60°.…”

“…Modification of the cellulose surface functionalization can be made by acetylation (Sun et al, 2016) or phosphorylation (Wanrosli et al, 2013), among other processes. Functionalized nanocellulose combined with inorganic nanoparticles can form superior nanocomposites (El-Nahas et al, 2017) In this study, cellulose is derived from rice husks, which have a large cellulose content (Helmiyati et al, 2017). We converted the cellulose to nanocellulose by mechanical ball milling, whereas previous studies used chemical methods (Nahas et al, 2017), and then acetylated it with anhydrous acetate to functionalize the surface.…”

Biobased Materials as Promising Tools for the Slow-Release of Urea

“…This size reduction allows the nanocomposites to behave differently and be characterized by a large surface area to volume ratio. Several synthesis procedures can be implemented according to the desired end formulation: graft solution polymerization, ion-exchange method,, free radical polymerization, and in situ free radical polymerization . Most of the nanocomposites that can be employed as nutrient delivery for plants can be divided into three main classes: Nanomineral-based nanocomposites; Polymeric nanocomposites; Porous carbon-based nanocomposites. …”