Superabsorbent polymers: a state-of-art review on their classification, synthesis, physicochemical properties, and applications

Venkatachalam, Dhanapal; Kaliappa, Subramanian

doi:10.1515/revce-2020-0102

Cited by 39 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 260 publications

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“…However, when considering the surface texture, the SP samples exhibited higher porosity than the control samples due to the effect of the SP particles in the mortar mix. The SP itself can not only absorb large amounts of water, but also has the ability to entrap water creating water bubbles during the mixing process similar to most liquid polymer substances [ 61 ]. The porosity was more obvious once the surface moisture evaporated from the SP particles and left behind empty voids.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Cement Mortar Incorporating Superabsorbent Polymer as a Passive Fire-Protective Layer

et al. 2022

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Concrete structures, when exposed to fire or high temperatures for a certain time, could suffer partial damage or complete structural failure. Passive fire-protective coating materials are an alternative way to prevent or delay damage to concrete structures resulting from fire. Superabsorbent polymer (SP) is a synthetic material known for its ability to absorb and retain a large volume of water within itself. With this unique property, the SP exhibits great potential for use as a passive fire protection material. Although several studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of SP as a surface coating material for fire protection, very few have been investigated on the potential use of SP mixed with mortar as a passive fire-protective layer. The objective of this study is to introduce the use of SP in plastering mortar as a fire-protective layer for concrete subjected to temperatures up to 800 °C. This study is divided into two parts: (1) investigating the properties of cement mortar mixed with SP at 0.5% (CONC/SP-0.5) and 1.0% (CONC/SP-1.0) by weight of cement, and (2) investigating the potential use of SP mortar as a plastering layer for concrete subject to high temperatures. The experimental results showed that the density and compressive strength of SP mortar decreases with increasing SP dosages. From the heat exposure results, SP mortar exhibited lower strength loss due to the ability to mitigate moisture through its interconnected pore system. As for the use of SP mortar as a plastering layer, the results demonstrated the concrete specimen plastered with SP mortar had a lower temperature at the interface and core than that plastered with plain mortar. This led to a reduced strength loss of 20.5% for CONC/SP-0.5 and 17.2% for CONC/SP-1.0.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Cement Mortar Incorporating Superabsorbent Polymer as a Passive Fire-Protective Layer

et al. 2022

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“…The rate of swelling is the defining aspect to consider a commercial SAB. The expansion of SABs depends on the following mechanisms (Venkatachalam & Kaliappa, 2021):…”

Section: Swelling Behavior Of Superabsorbentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biopolymer derived superabsorbent for environmental sustainability: A review

Sinha

2022

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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Increased environmental degradation and solid waste production has resulted in a higher demand for biodegradable materials based on biopolymers. Superabsorbent are three‐dimensional cross linked polymeric material that allow huge amounts of liquid to absorb. Synthetic superabsorbents (SABs) are extensively used as an absorbent of aqueous solutions for various applications, mainly as adult incontinence, feminine hygiene products etc. The major components of synthetic superabsorbents are acrylic/methacrylic acid. According to the report of US Environmental Protection Agency, the acrylamide used in the production of synthetic superabsorbent is extremely carcinogenic when exposed to people. On the other hand, A large number of synthetic Superabsorbent polymers are quite resistant to the environmental degradation process, and thus responsible for the accumulation of solid waste material. However, the presence of hazardous and undegraded content in the synthetic superabsorbents leads the designing of biopolymer based superabsorbents. These developed hybrid materials of superabsorbents are a combination of renewable raw materials and synthetic polymers. Biopolymer‐based superabsorbent has a lot of potential due to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non‐lethal qualities. This review paper discusses the general perspective, characterization, and synthesis strategies for the production of hybrid superabsorbents. In addition, the methodologies for illustrating these superabsorbent hydrogels, as well as their prospective uses, are discussed.

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“…By volume, superabsorbent polymers in diapers and agriculture are the dominant applications. 4 Emerging biomedical applications also include tissue engineering, 1 wound healing 2 and drug delivery. 5 The limited adoption of hydrogels is, in large part, due to various drawbacks of common, bulk-produced hydrogels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite this, it is interesting that there are still only a relatively modest number of industrial applications of hydrogels outside of the food industry. By volume, super-absorbent polymers in diapers and agriculture are the dominant applications 4 . Emerging biomedical applications also include tissue engineering 1 , wound healing 2 and drug delivery 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%