Superadhesion:  Attachment of Nanobacteria to Tissues − Model Simulation

Abstract

Adhesion is common in the bacterial world and is partially mediated by slime. Nanobacteria (NB) seem to attach by slime as well as by the protecting nanocrystalline apatite shell, securing their survival in hostile milieus. Identification of NB in the human heart has brought the particles into the focus of material scientists. In view of the size distribution of the apatite nanovesicles (80-300 nm), simulation of their interaction with tissues can be performed via nanosuspensions and mirror-polished titanium substrates. Due to its wide biocompatibility, titanium is an ideal body tissue substitute. Here we show in a model simulation that the apatite nanovesicles are likely to perform also an anchoring function, specific to the mineral apatite. Anchoring may prevent solitary NB from elimination from the body, and enforce existing toxic potentials. The capacity of the apatite nanoparticles to bind to tissues in aqueous liquids, and the pronounced tendency of NB to form mineralized biofilms, indicate that NB could affect intracardiac fluid forces. Adhesion and protection represent a unique combination, which may stimulate the design of novel drug release systems based on apatite nanovesicles.

Hemoglobin aggregates studied under static and dynamic conditions involving the formation of nanobacteria-like structures

“…Regardless of the aqueous phase matrix, the aggregates of hemoglobin, once dried, coated and studied by SEM, all had the same appearance. These inert structures resemble the images of nanobacteria found in diseased hearts, kidneys, and the urine of HIV patients, as well as in cancer tissue (1,3,4,(11)(12)(13)15).…”

“…In a separate study, synovial fluids from diseased knee joints were allowed to sit for two months and nanobacteria propagated with most having a spherical shape less than 2 micrometers in diameter (11). A study done at autopsy of an individual with atherosclerosis supports, but does not prove, that nanobacteria contributed to its pathogenesis (12). It has also been reported that nanobacteria anchor themselves in aqueous environments in the body by slime and produce a nano-crystalline apatite shell.…”

Keeping nanobacterial infections at bay during space travel

“…If it is not possible to eliminate dormant NB by some means prior to departure, the use of low-level laser light or LED arrays with intensities around the solar constant within the spacecraft may prove a useful option to alleviate the potentially hazardous effects of space travel. Our recommendation derives support from two recent developments: the identification of NB in the terrestrial atmosphere [14], confirming a previously formulated hypothesis regarding their atmospheric prevalence [15] and model simulations indicating a strong bioadhesive capacity of NB [12].…”

Primordial Proteins and HIVPart II

“…12 Interestingly, the pathogenic nature of NB can be traced back solely to the synergistic interplay of the first two properties. [13][14][15] Conversely, therapies to reduce concentrations of NB in the body could be derived from the last two properties. [16][17][18] This becomes clear by realizing that without the protein based slime, the bioadhesive capacity of NB must decrease.…”