Supercapacitor Electro-Mathematical and Machine Learning Modelling for Low Power Applications

Abstract

Low power electronic systems, whenever feasible, use supercapacitors to store energy instead of batteries due to their fast charging capability, low maintenance and low environmental footprint. To decide if supercapacitors are feasible requires characterising their behaviour and performance for the load profiles and conditions of the target. Traditional supercapacitor models are electromechanical, require complex equations and knowledge of the physics and chemical processes involved. Models based on equivalent circuits and mathematical equations are less complex and could provide enough accuracy. The present work uses the latter techniques to characterize supercapacitors. The data required to parametrize the mathematical model is obtained through tests that provide the capacitors charge and discharge profiles under different conditions. The parameters identified are life cycle, voltage, time, temperature, moisture, Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) and leakage resistance. The accuracy of this electro-mathematical model is improved with a remodelling based on artificial neuronal networks. The experimental data and the results obtained with both models are compared to verify and weigh their accuracy. Results show that the models presented determine the behaviour of supercapacitors with similar accuracy and less complexity than electromechanical ones, thus, helping scaling low power systems for given conditions.

Comprehensive Study on Dynamic Parameters of Symmetric and Asymmetric Ultracapacitors

“…Different direct measurement methods for the evaluation of UC parameters were also proposed [16][17][18][19][20]. A comprehensive review of characterization methods for supercapacitor modeling and general parameter identification techniques were also discussed [21,22].A significant amount of effort has been made to describe dynamic UC behavior using different types of equivalent circuits [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Some works presented modeling approaches based on electrochemical explanations of UC performance [31][32][33][34][35].…”

“…A significant amount of effort has been made to describe dynamic UC behavior using different types of equivalent circuits [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Some works presented modeling approaches based on electrochemical explanations of UC performance [31][32][33][34][35].…”

Studies on Dynamic Properties of Ultracapacitors Using Infinite r–C Chain Equivalent Circuit and Reverse Fourier Transform

“…The equivalent electrical circuit models are required to simulate the device parameters for the development and design of electrical appliances. Previously, different types of equivalent circuit models have been proposed in order to understand the dynamic characteristics of UCs [13,[15][16][17][18][19][20]. Importantly, the electrochemical analysis-based modeling approaches have also been employed to study the performance of UCs [21][22][23][24].…”

A Novel Supercapacitor/Lithium-Ion Hybrid Energy System with a Fuzzy Logic-Controlled Fast Charging and Intelligent Energy Management System

“…SCs have rapid charging and discharging ability and can achieve a higher power density. Moreover, there is no need for chemical action for the operation and lifespan of many thousands of cycles, which is equivalent to a lifetime of 10 to 12 years [4,5]. Nevertheless, SCs have a low power-to-weight ratio and low energy density compared to the high self-discharge rate and current battery technology, so they are not ideal as the only source of electric power for electric wheelchairs [6][7][8].…”