Superconducting Magnets for Particle Detectors and Fusion Devices

Yamamoto, A.; Taylor, T. Matthew

doi:10.1142/s1793626812300046

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…On the contrary, the brittle structure of Nb 3 Sn intermetallic compound posed a significant challenge for both material cost and manufacturability of magnets. As a result the first superconducting fusion magnets, for example the Baseball II (LLNL, 1970) magnet mirror or T-7 (Kurchatov Institute, 1979), the first Tokamak with superconducting magnets, that were designed in the 60 s and then constructed and commissioned in the 70 s, utilized solely NbTi superconductors [11,12].…”

Section: Background I: History Of Nb 3 Sn In Fusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of Nb₃Sn in fusion: lessons learned from the ITER production including options for management of performance degradation

Mitchell

Breschi

Tronza

2020

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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The overall 30 year Nb 3 Sn conductor program for ITER provides an unusual opportunity to look at the issues created by the application of novel Nb 3 Sn technology on a large scale. ITER design criteria have evolved to make use of the features of the industrialized material, exploiting advantages as well as managing the disadvantages. There are lessons from the successes and failures to be learned for the future application of very high current Nb 3 Sn strands in fusion and high energy physics. The behaviour of Nb 3 Sn strands in the large compound ITER conductors is still producing surprises after 25 years of development, industrial production and testing, with the Nb 3 Sn strain sensitivity and brittleness producing many more subtle design impacts than originally foreseen. The results now obtained at the end of the ITER production suggest that, as a novelty for Nb 3 Sn, there are options for conditioning the strands in the ITER conductors that can be applied during commissioning and which could reduce the impact of brittleness by as much as one third.

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Section: Background I: History Of Nb 3 Sn In Fusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of Nb₃Sn in fusion: lessons learned from the ITER production including options for management of performance degradation

Mitchell

Breschi

Tronza

2020

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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“…Consequently a slightly increased transverse resistance is expected. The time constant can be estimated as τ = τ 1 W/d = 93 s, where τ 1 is given by equation (1). The winding width W is 2.7 mm and the strand diameter d is 1 mm.…”

Section: Demonstrator 2: a Three-layer 100 MM Bore Solenoidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Superconducting magnet technology has been successfully employed in the construction of electromagnets with high stored energy, up to the GJ range [1]. Such magnets are operated at relatively low current density J, some tens of A/mm 2 , using large amount of stabilizer in the conductor, which is mostly dictated by quench protection requirements [2], and they would even follow E ∼ J −6 scaling if designed as cryostable [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of engineering current density exceeding 1 kA mm⁻² in ultra-thin no-insulation, soldered coil windings using NbTi/Cu wires with CuNi cladding

Bykovskiy

Kaal

Dudarev

et al. 2020

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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The no-insulation, or more precisely, controlled-resistance coil winding method, nowadays being exclusively used for high-temperature superconducting solenoids, has proven its effectiveness for improving quench protection. When considering low-temperature superconductor magnet technology, which is mostly focused on stability and training issues, controlled-resistance insulation windings are directly addressing these aspects as well. Fully soldered coil windings of non-insulated turns can also show superior mechanical properties and feature simplified manufacturing when compared to epoxy impregnated coil windings and are of high practical interest for quasi-stationary magnets provided the related charging time constant can be controlled and kept low enough. For demonstrating the principle feasibility two demonstrator coils were developed using NbTi/Cu wire with CuNi cladding of 1 mm diameter. The wire performance is reported including critical current and n-values at 4.2 K and background magnetic fields from 0 to 9 T, as well as effective transverse resistivity at room temperature and 77 K. Two solenoids with fully soldered windings comprising one layer on a 50 mm bore and three layers on a 100 mm bore, respectively, were manufactured and tested in liquid helium. Their performance is directly compared to data obtained on short wire samples. The drastically enhanced stability of the coils against thermal disturbances allows to avoid any training and enables to operate the coils up, or even slightly beyond, the short-sample critical current, resulting in generated magnetic fields of 2.2 and 3.8 T and time constants of 5 and 55 s, respectively. When initiating a quench deliberately by excessive heating or spontaneously at their limiting currents, the coils entirely switch to the normal state almost instantly, thus requiring no quench protection system. Design, manufacturing and test experiences with the two super stable coils are reported and their use and design constraints for certain applications discussed.

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Superconducting Magnets ‐ Principles, Operation, and Applications

Zlobin

2014

Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

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Contemporary technical superconductors provide high Jc in wide range of magnetic fields and temperatures. These features are used in superconducting magnets to produce high fields, reduce magnet size and lower power consumption. Thanks to these features superconducting magnets are widely used in scientific research, industrial application, medicine, transportation, etc. Large scale applications of superconducting magnets became possible also thanks to the remarkable progress in cryogenics, superconducting composite industrialization, and engineering of cryogenic electrical systems. Applications of superconducting magnets include particle accelerators and detectors, fusion and energy storage (SMES), laboratory magnets, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), high speed transportation (MagLev), electrical motors and generators, magnetic separators, etc. This paper presents the overview of practical superconducting materials, being used in various superconducting magnets, magnet designs and operation features, and the most remarkable examples of superconducting magnets.

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Superconducting Magnets for Particle Detectors and Fusion Devices

Cited by 6 publications

References 83 publications

The use of Nb₃Sn in fusion: lessons learned from the ITER production including options for management of performance degradation

The use of Nb₃Sn in fusion: lessons learned from the ITER production including options for management of performance degradation

Demonstration of engineering current density exceeding 1 kA mm⁻² in ultra-thin no-insulation, soldered coil windings using NbTi/Cu wires with CuNi cladding

Superconducting Magnets ‐ Principles, Operation, and Applications

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Superconducting Magnets for Particle Detectors and Fusion Devices

Cited by 6 publications

References 83 publications

The use of Nb3Sn in fusion: lessons learned from the ITER production including options for management of performance degradation

The use of Nb3Sn in fusion: lessons learned from the ITER production including options for management of performance degradation

Demonstration of engineering current density exceeding 1 kA mm−2 in ultra-thin no-insulation, soldered coil windings using NbTi/Cu wires with CuNi cladding

Superconducting Magnets ‐ Principles, Operation, and Applications

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Product

Resources

About

The use of Nb₃Sn in fusion: lessons learned from the ITER production including options for management of performance degradation

The use of Nb₃Sn in fusion: lessons learned from the ITER production including options for management of performance degradation

Demonstration of engineering current density exceeding 1 kA mm⁻² in ultra-thin no-insulation, soldered coil windings using NbTi/Cu wires with CuNi cladding