Superconducting micro-resonator arrays with ideal frequency spacing

Liu, Xianfeng; Guo, W.; Wang, Yiwen; Dai, Mingfeng; Wei, L. F.; Dober, Bradley; McKenney, Christopher; Hilton, G. C.; Hubmayr, Johannes; Austermann, J. E.; Ullom, Joel N.; Gao, Jiansong; Vissers, Michael

doi:10.1063/1.5016190

Cited by 43 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…500 MHz of instantaneous bandwidth could readout 100 detectors with a conservative spacing of 5 MHz between adjacent detectors. We are optimistic that the multiplexing factor will only improve given recent advances in kinetic inductance detector fabrication [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of Microwave Multiplexed Readout of DC-Biased Superconducting Nanowire Detectors

Sinclair

Schroeder

Zhu

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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Superconducting nanowires are widely used as sensitive single photon detectors with wide spectral coverage and high timing resolution. We describe a demonstration of an array of DC biased superconducting nanowire single photon detectors read out with a microwave multiplexing circuit. In this design, each individual nanowire is part of a resonant LC circuit where the inductance is dominated by the kinetic inductance of the nanowire. The circuit also contains two parallel plate capacitors, one of them is in parallel with the inductor and the other is coupled to a microwave transmission line which carries the signals to a cryogenic low noise amplifier. All of the nanowires are connected via resistors to a single DC bias line that enables the nanowires to be current biased close to their critical current. When a photon hits a nanowire it creates a normal hot spot which produces a voltage pulse across the LC circuit. This pulse rings down at the resonant frequency of the LC circuit over a time period that is fixed by the quality factor. We present measurements of an array of these devices and an evaluation of their performance in terms of frequency and time response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of Microwave Multiplexed Readout of DC-Biased Superconducting Nanowire Detectors

Sinclair

Schroeder

Zhu

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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“…49 Further improvements have been demonstrated using post-fabrication resonator trimming methods. 86,87 3. Pitch: The baseline GEP-I pixel pitch is 300 µm from wavelengths of 10 µm to 60 µm to provide 3.43 pixel sizes (the pitch is larger for λ > 60 µm).…”

Section: Multiplexingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galaxy Evolution Probe

Glenn

Bradford

Rosolowsky

et al. 2021

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.

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The Galaxy Evolution Probe (GEP) is a concept for a mid-and far-infrared space observatory to measure key properties of large samples of galaxies with large and unbiased surveys. GEP will attempt to achieve zodiacal light and Galactic dust emission photon backgroundlimited observations by utilizing a 6-K, 2.0-m primary mirror and sensitive arrays of kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs). It will have two instrument modules: a 10 to 400 μm hyperspectral imager with spectral resolution R ¼ λ∕Δλ ≥ 8 (GEP-I) and a 24 to 193 μm, R ¼ 200 grating spectrometer (GEP-S). GEP-I surveys will identify star-forming galaxies via their thermal dust emission and simultaneously measure redshifts using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission lines. Galaxy luminosities derived from star formation and nuclear supermassive black hole accretion will be measured for each source, enabling the cosmic star formation history to be measured to much greater precision than previously possible. Using optically thin far-infrared fine-structure lines, surveys with GEP-S will measure the growth of metallicity in the hearts of galaxies over cosmic time and extraplanar gas will be mapped in spiral galaxies in the local universe to investigate feedback processes. The science case and mission architecture designed to meet the science requirements is described, and the KID and readout electronics state of the art and needed developments are described. This paper supersedes the GEP concept study report cited in it by providing new content, including: a summary of recent mid-infrared KID development, a discussion of microlens array fabrication for mid-infrared KIDs, and additional context for galaxy surveys. The reader interested in more technical details may want to consult the concept study report. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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“…We have now produced an array of over 2000 resonators on a 150 mm substrate in order to characterize device uniformity over these large scales. For the deployed arrays, we aim to implement a recently developed LED mapper and post-measurement lithographic capacitor correction technique in order to achieve highly uniform frequency spacing between resonators and detector+readout yield near 100% (see [11]).…”

Section: Ongoing Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter-Wave Polarimeters Using Kinetic Inductance Detectors for TolTEC and Beyond

et al. 2018

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Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) provide a compelling path forward to the large-format polarimeter, imaging, and spectrometer arrays needed for nextgeneration experiments in millimeter-wave cosmology and astronomy. We describe the development of feedhorn-coupled MKID detectors for the TolTEC millimeter-wave imaging polarimeter being constructed for the 50-meter Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT). Observations with TolTEC are planned to begin in early 2019. TolTEC will comprise ∼7,000 polarization sensitive MKIDs and will represent the first MKID arrays fabricated and deployed on monolithic 150 mm diameter silicon wafers -a critical step towards future large-scale experiments with over 10 5 detectors. TolTEC will operate in observational bands at 1.1, 1.4, and 2.0 mm and will use dichroic filters to define a physically independent focal plane for each passband, thus allowing the polarimeters to use simple, direct-absorption inductive structures that are impedance matched to incident radiation. This work is part of a larger program at NIST-Boulder to develop MKID-based detector technologies for use over a wide range of photon energies spanning millimeter-waves to X-rays. We present the detailed pixel layout and describe the methods, tools, and flexible design parameters that allow this solution to be optimized for use anywhere in the millimeter and sub-millimeter bands. We also present measurements of prototype devices operating in the 1.1 mm band and compare the observed optical performance to that predicted from models and simulations.

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Superconducting micro-resonator arrays with ideal frequency spacing

Cited by 43 publications

References 28 publications

Demonstration of Microwave Multiplexed Readout of DC-Biased Superconducting Nanowire Detectors

Demonstration of Microwave Multiplexed Readout of DC-Biased Superconducting Nanowire Detectors

Galaxy Evolution Probe

Millimeter-Wave Polarimeters Using Kinetic Inductance Detectors for TolTEC and Beyond

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