Superconducting nanowire single-photon detector implemented in a 2D photonic crystal cavity

Münzberg, Julian; Vetter, Andreas; Beutel, Fabian; Hartmann, Wladick; Ferrari, Simone; Pernice, Wolfram H. P.; Rockstuhl, Carsten

doi:10.1364/optica.5.000658

Cited by 72 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The experimental implementation of the proposed design relying on 3D air-bridged PhC slab structures requires the development of novel experimental methods to avoid potential damages to superconducting nanowires, which would occur when applying canonical fabrication techniques such as hydrofluoric acid wet etching. Employing the established methods that the PhC slab structures and superconducting nanowires are fabricated on top of a substrate (e.g., SiO 2 used in a relevant experiment [17]), is possible with current technology. One should, however, take care of Q-factors to be modified by the presence of a substrate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We assume in this work that the height of the PhC slab and the thickness of the nanowire are set to 220 nm and 4 nm, respectively, similar to the structures fabricated in Ref. [17]. Above and below the PhC slab, we assume air.…”

Section: B Three-dimensional Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dead times in the order of only 200 ps come in reach. The on-chip detection efficiency can also be further increased, in principle up to unity, by implementing SNSPDs in a two-dimensional (2D) PhC slab [17]. * carsten.rockstuhl@kit.edu † changhyoup.lee@gmail.com…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Superconducting-Nanowire Single-Photon Spectrometer Exploiting Cascaded Photonic Crystal Cavities

et al. 2020

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Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors promise efficient (∼100%) and fast (∼Gcps) detection of light at the single-photon level. They constitute one of the building blocks to realize integrated quantum optical circuits in a waveguide architecture. The optical response of single-photon detectors, however, is limited to measure only the presence of photons. It misses the capability to resolve the spectrum of a possible broadband illumination. In this work, we propose the optical design for a superconducting nanowire single-photon spectrometer in an integrated optical platform. We exploit a cascade of cavities with different resonance wavelengths side-coupled to a photonic crystal bus waveguide. This allows to demultiplex different wavelengths into different spatial regions, where individual superconducting nanowires that measure the presence of single photons are placed next to these cavities. We employ temporal coupled-mode theory to derive the optimal conditions to achieve a high absorption efficiency in the nanowire with fine spectral resolution. It is shown that the use of a mirror at the end of the cascaded system that terminates the photonic crystal bus waveguide increases the absorption efficiency up to unity, in principle, in the absence of loss. The expected response is demonstrated by full-wave simulations for both two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures. Absorption efficiencies of about 80% are achieved both in two-dimensional structures for four cascaded cavities and in three-dimensional structures for two cascaded cavities. The achieved spectral resolution is about 1 nm. We expect that the proposed setup, both analytically studied and numerically demonstrated in this work, offers a great impetus for future quantum nanophotonic on-chip technologies. arXiv:1908.01681v1 [physics.optics]

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Three-dimensional Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Superconducting-Nanowire Single-Photon Spectrometer Exploiting Cascaded Photonic Crystal Cavities

et al. 2020

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“…On the other hand, superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) 12,13 have recently emerged as one of the best alternatives, outperforming the semiconductor counterparts in all aspects with near-unity efficiency, high speed, low jitter, low dark counts [14][15][16][17][18] and the capability of on-chip integration with integrated nanophotonic circuits [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] . However, these detectors operate in a strong non-linear modeonly informing the presence or absence of photons -and thus cannot discriminate the energy or provide the spectral information of the detected photons.…”

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confidence: 99%

Broadband on-chip single-photon spectrometer

et al. 2019

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Single-photon counters are single-pixel binary devices that click upon the absorption of a photon but obscure its spectral information, whereas resolving the color of detected photons has been in critical demand for frontier astronomical observation, spectroscopic imaging and wavelength division multiplexed quantum communications. Current implementations of single-photon spectrometers either consist of bulky wavelength-scanning components or have limited detection channels, preventing parallel detection of broadband single photons with high spectral resolutions. Here, we present the first broadband chip-scale single-photon spectrometer covering both visible and infrared wavebands spanning from 600 nm to 2000 nm. The spectrometer integrates an on-chip dispersive echelle grating with a single-element propagating superconducting nanowire detector of ultraslow-velocity for mapping the dispersed photons with high spatial resolutions. The demonstrated on-chip single-photon spectrometer features small device footprint, high robustness with no moving parts and meanwhile offers more than 200 equivalent wavelength detection channels with further scalability.

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“…Furthermore, the multi-channel scheme allows for straightforward on-chip integration. Therefore, further improvements in speed, efficiency and compactness can be expected using superconducting single-photon detectors [26,29,31] coupled with waveguide technology [41][42][43].…”

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confidence: 99%

Accurate Detection of Arbitrary Photon Statistics

et al. 2019

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We report a measurement workflow free of systematic errors consisting of a reconfigurable photonnumber-resolving detector, custom electronic circuitry, and faithful data-processing algorithm. We achieve unprecedentedly accurate measurement of various photon-number distributions going beyond the number of detection channels with average fidelity 0.998, where the error is contributed primarily by the sources themselves. Mean numbers of photons cover values up to 20 and faithful autocorrelation measurements range from g (2) = 6 × 10 −3 to 2. We successfully detect chaotic, classical, non-classical, non-Gaussian, and negative-Wigner-function light. Our results open new paths for optical technologies by providing full access to the photon-number information without the necessity of detector tomography.

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Superconducting nanowire single-photon detector implemented in a 2D photonic crystal cavity

Cited by 72 publications

References 60 publications

Superconducting-Nanowire Single-Photon Spectrometer Exploiting Cascaded Photonic Crystal Cavities

Superconducting-Nanowire Single-Photon Spectrometer Exploiting Cascaded Photonic Crystal Cavities

Broadband on-chip single-photon spectrometer

Accurate Detection of Arbitrary Photon Statistics

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