2019
DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.100.224506
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Superconducting size effect in thin films under electric field: Mean-field self-consistent model

Abstract: We consider effects of an externally applied electrostatic field on superconductivity, selfconsistently within a BCS mean field model, for a clean 3D metal thin film. The electrostatic change in superconducting condensation energy scales as µ −1 close to subband edges as a function of the Fermi energy µ, and follows 3D scaling µ −2 away from them. We discuss nonlinearities beyond gate effect, and contrast results to recent experiments.

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Cited by 33 publications
(24 citation statements)
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“…The microscopical justification for the occurrence of this effect, which cannot be justified in the Barden–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) framework, is not fully accounted for at the present time and is the subject of an unsettled debate 13 15 , with separate intrinsic and extrinsic effects potentially contributing in various geometries and in different superconducting materials. Ritter et al 16 ascribe the critical current quenching observed in titanium nitride nanowires to the injection of energetic electrons from the gate electrodes to the superconductor, which trigger the formation of a large number of quasiparticles that drive the nanowire back to the normal state.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The microscopical justification for the occurrence of this effect, which cannot be justified in the Barden–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) framework, is not fully accounted for at the present time and is the subject of an unsettled debate 13 15 , with separate intrinsic and extrinsic effects potentially contributing in various geometries and in different superconducting materials. Ritter et al 16 ascribe the critical current quenching observed in titanium nitride nanowires to the injection of energetic electrons from the gate electrodes to the superconductor, which trigger the formation of a large number of quasiparticles that drive the nanowire back to the normal state.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Surprisingly, strong static electric fields have been recently shown to modulate the supercurrent down to full suppression and even to induce a superconductorto-normal phase transition in metallic wires [1,2] and Josephson junctions (JJs) [3][4][5] without affecting their normal-state behavior. Yet, these results did not find a microscopic theoretical explanation so far [6]. In this Article, we lay down a fundamental brick for both the insight and the technological application of this unorthodox field-effect by realizing a titanium-based monolithic superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) which can be tuned by applying a gate bias to both JJs independently.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For such an effect, a fulfilling microscopic theory has not been provided yet. Indeed, it is not possible to take into account experimental observations through the conventional BCS framework, in which the superconducting properties are negligibly affected by electric fields [ 10 ]. Although some theories have been proposed, including surface nucleation and pinning of Abrikosov vortices [ 8 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], the electric field-driven Rashba orbital polarization [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], and the gate-driven Schwinger excitation of quasiparticles from the BCS vacuum [ 18 , 19 , 20 ], they have not been experimentally verified yet.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%