Superconductivity in Entirely End-Bonded Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

Izumi, Teruo; Haruyama, J.; Kobayashi, Naoki; Chiashi, Shohei; Maruyama, Shigeo; Sugai, Toshiki; Shinohara, Hisanori

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.96.057001

Cited by 182 publications

(147 citation statements)

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“…Nanotube superconductivity was also reported by Takesue et al, 18 with a critical temperature up to 12 K in entirely endbonded multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) encapsulated in nanopores of alumina templates. The outer diameter of the MWNT is about 7.4 nm, while the inner diameter is about 2 nm.…”

Section: A Review Of Intrinsic Superconductivity In Other Carbon Nanomentioning

confidence: 84%

“…15,17,18,37,38 In 2001, Kociak et al 17 showed that ropes of single walled carbon nanotubes, about 1.4 nm in diameter, can exhibit superconducting behavior. In one sample an electrical resistance drop at 550 mK was observed, and this drop in resistance can be suppressed by 1 Tesla of magnetic field or 2.5 mA of bias current.…”

Section: A Review Of Intrinsic Superconductivity In Other Carbon Nanomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, even if the CNTs can have superconducting tendencies, the manifestation of superconductivity should be quenched by the long wavelength thermal fluctuations as dictated by the Hohenberg-Mermin Theorem for 1D systems, 11,12 as well as by the competing mechanism of the Peierls distortion that favors a semiconducting ground state. 13 Thus in spite of the theoretical prediction that small CNTs can be potential superconductors, owing to the curvature effect that opens the electron-phonon interaction channels, 14 early experimental results reported for different CNT systems [15][16][17][18] were greeted with skepticism. Other than the above-stated reasons, this is because only three groups have observed superconductivity in carbon nanotubes, 15,17,18 and even for these three groups no consistent sets of data, which should comprise electrical, magnetic, and thermal specific heat measurements, were obtained until recently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 Thus in spite of the theoretical prediction that small CNTs can be potential superconductors, owing to the curvature effect that opens the electron-phonon interaction channels, 14 early experimental results reported for different CNT systems [15][16][17][18] were greeted with skepticism. Other than the above-stated reasons, this is because only three groups have observed superconductivity in carbon nanotubes, 15,17,18 and even for these three groups no consistent sets of data, which should comprise electrical, magnetic, and thermal specific heat measurements, were obtained until recently. [19][20][21] This review serves to gather all the experimental evidence for superconductivity in one type of carbon nanotube-the 4-Angstrom single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) embedded in AlPO 4 -5 zeolite template.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Superconductivity in 4-Angstrom carbon nanotubes—a short review

et al. 2012

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We give an up-to-date review of the superconducting phenomena in 4-Angstrom carbon nanotubes embedded in aligned linear pores of the AlPO 4 -5 (AFI) zeolite, first discovered in 2001 as a fluctuation Meissner effect. With the introduction of a new approach to sample synthesis around 2007, new data confirming the superconductivity have been obtained. These comprise electrical, specific heat, and magnetic measurements which together yield a consistent yet complex physical picture of the superconducting state, largely owing to the one-dimensional (1D) nature of the 4-Angstrom carbon nanotubes. For the electrical transport characteristics, two types of superconducting resistive behaviors were reproducibly observed in different samples. The first type is the quasi 1D fluctuation superconductivity that exhibits a smooth resistance drop with decreasing temperature, initiating at 15 K. At low temperatures the differential resistance also shows a smooth increase with increasing bias current (voltage). Both are unaffected by an applied magnetic field up to 11 Tesla. These manifestations are shown to be consistent with those of a quasi 1D superconductor with thermally activated phase slips as predicted by the Langer-Ambegaokar-McCumber-Halperin (LAMH) theory. The second type is the quasi 1D to 3D superconducting crossover transition, which was observed to initiate at 15 K with a slow resistance decrease switching to a sharp order of magnitude drop at $7.5 K. The latter exhibits anisotropic magnetic field dependence and is attributed to a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT)-like transition that establishes quasi-long-range order in the plane transverse to the c-axis of the aligned nanotubes, thereby mediating a 1D to 3D crossover. The electrical data are complemented by magnetic and thermal specific heat bulk measurements. By using both the SQUID VSM and the magnetic torque technique, the onset of diamagnetism was observed to occur at $15 K, with a rapid increase of the diamagnetic moment below $7 K. The zero-field-cooled and field-cooled branches deviated from each other below 7 K, indicating the establishment of a 3D Meissner state with macroscopic phase coherence. The superconductivity is further supported by the specific heat measurements, which show an anomaly with onset at 15 K and a peak at 11-12 K. In the 3D superconducting state, the nanotube arrays constitute a type-II anisotropic superconductor with H c1 z 60 to 150 Oe, coherence length x z 5 to 15 nm, London penetration length l z 1.5 mm, and Ginzburg-Landau k z 100. We give a physical interpretation to the observed phenomena and note the challenges and prospects ahead.

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Section: A Review Of Intrinsic Superconductivity In Other Carbon Nanomentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: A Review Of Intrinsic Superconductivity In Other Carbon Nanomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Superconductivity in 4-Angstrom carbon nanotubes—a short review

et al. 2012

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“…In contrast, carbon nanotubes (CNT) can be semiconductors or metals with small DOS at their E F . Metallic CNT are used widely to study one-dimensional (1D) electronics [2,3] and are superconducting at low temperatures [4,5]. Due to the larger DOS, BNT should be better metallic systems for 1D electronics and may have higher superconducting temperatures than CNT.…”

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confidence: 99%

Novel Precursors for Boron Nanotubes: The Competition of Two-Center and Three-Center Bonding in Boron Sheets

2007

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We present a new class of boron sheets, composed of triangular and hexagonal motifs, that are more stable than structures considered to date and thus are more likely to be the precusors of boron nanotubes. We describe a simple and clear picture of electronic bonding in boron sheets and highlight the importance of three-center bonding and its competition with two-center bonding, which can also explain the stability of recently discovered boron fullerenes. Our findings call for reconsideration of the literature on boron sheets, nanotubes and clusters.PACS numbers: 73.63.Fg All boron nanotubes (BNT), regardless of diameter or chirality, are predicted to be metallic and have large densities of states (DOS) at their Fermi energies (E F ) [1]. In contrast, carbon nanotubes (CNT) can be semiconductors or metals with small DOS at their E F . Metallic CNT are used widely to study one-dimensional (1D) electronics [2,3] and are superconducting at low temperatures [4,5]. Due to the larger DOS, BNT should be better metallic systems for 1D electronics and may have higher superconducting temperatures than CNT.Recent experiments have fabricated boron nanotubular structures both as small clusters [6] and long, 1D geometries [7]. Understanding the properties of BNT is crucial for realizing their applications. For CNT, it has been fruitful to study two-dimensional (2D) graphene: e.g., many properties of CNT are derived directly from graphene [8,9]. For boron, however, no 2D planar structure exists in its crystals which are built from B 12 icosahedra [10]. Researchers have proposed several 2D boron sheets (BS). The hexagonal graphitic BS was found to be unstable [11,18]. Based on extensive theoretical studies of boron clusters [11,12,13,14,15], an Aufbau principle was proposed whereby the most stable structures should be composed of buckled triangular motifs [12] . Experiments on small clusters of 10-15 atoms support this view [16]. A recent study of many possible sheet structures found, again, the buckled triangular arrangement to be most favorable [17]. Hence, 2D triangular BS have been studied and used to construct BNT [18,19,20].In this Letter, we present a class of boron sheets that are more stable than the currently accepted ones. We describe their structures, energetics, electronic states, and provide a clear picture of the nature of their bonding that clarifies their stability. We also show that clusters with these structures are competitive with or more favorable than those considered to date. Our findings have important consequences for understanding and interpreting the properties of these systems. For example, the unusual stability of B 80 fullerenes [21] can be explained by our bonding picture. Hence, in our view, it is necessary to reconsider previous work in this general field.We use Density Functional Theory [22,23] within the ab initio supercell planewave pseudopotential total energy approach [24]. Calculations are done by PARATEC [25]. We use both the local density approximation (LDA) [23,26] and the generalize...

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Electronic Structures and Magnetic Properties

Delhaès¹

2013

Carbon‐based Solids and Materials

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Superconductivity in Entirely End-Bonded Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

Cited by 182 publications

References 31 publications

Superconductivity in 4-Angstrom carbon nanotubes—a short review

Superconductivity in 4-Angstrom carbon nanotubes—a short review

Novel Precursors for Boron Nanotubes: The Competition of Two-Center and Three-Center Bonding in Boron Sheets

Electronic Structures and Magnetic Properties

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