Determination of the pairing symmetry in monolayer FeSe films on SrTiO3 is a requisite for understanding the high superconducting transition temperature in this system, which has attracted intense theoretical and experimental studies but remains controversial. Here, by introducing several types of point defects in FeSe monolayer films, we conduct a systematic investigation on the impurity-induced electronic states by spatially resolved scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Ranging from surface adsorption, chemical substitution to intrinsic structural modification, these defects generate a variety of scattering strength, which renders new insights on the pairing symmetry.
IntroductionInterface high temperature superconductivity in monolayer FeSe films grown on SrTiO3 substrates has appealed great interest due to its intriguing interfacial effects and highest superconducting transition temperature (Tc) among iron-based superconductors. It exhibits a characteristic double-full-gap with magnitude of Δ1 ~ 10 meV and Δ2 ~15-20 meV [1][2][3] which closes over 65 K [4,5]. Regardless of the very high transition temperature, its Fermi surface (FS) consists of only electron-like pockets centered around the Brillouin zone (BZ) corners and there are no hole pockets at the BZ center that are typical in bulk iron-based superconductors, as a result of heavy interface electron doping [4][5][6]. The absence of hole pockets at the BZ center directly challenges the previously perceived s± pairing scenario that relies on strong spin fluctuation induced by the repulsive interband interaction between the hole bands around BZ center and the electron bands around BZ corner [7,8].Determination of the pairing symmetry in monolayer FeSe on SrTiO3 is a requisite for understanding the mechanism of high temperature superconductivity. Theoretical studies have proposed various pairing symmetries for such systems with only electron pockets, such as plain s-wave pairing [9][10][11] An experimental pathway to obtain information on pairing symmetry is to study atomic-scale impurity scattering by using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) [18,20,21]. It is well known in theory that only magnetic impurities are pair breakers in the plain s-wave superconductors [18], whereas if the pairing order parameter is sign-changing both magnetic and nonmagnetic impurities can induce in-gap states and suppress superconductivity [19]. By introducing surface impurities on the monolayer FeSe surface, earlier STM/STS investigations indicate that the superconductivity is locally suppressed at magnetic impurities (such as Cr and Mn) but remains stubborn at non-magnetic impurities (such as Zn, Ag and K) [20]. Combining the quasi-particle interference patterns and their response to magnetic field, the authors concluded a plain s-wave pairing symmetry in monolayer FeSe on SrTiO3[20].In contrast, recently, Zn substitutional impurities at Fe-site in Li1-xFexOH intercalated FeSe compound, i.e. (Li1-xFex)OHFe1-yZnySe, which has similar FS geometry and a Tc of 40 K...