Supercontinuum generation in chalcogenide-silica step-index fibers

Granzow, Nicolai; Stark, Sebastian; Schmidt, Markus A.; Tverjanovich, A. S.; Wondraczek, Lothar; Russell, P. St. J.

doi:10.1364/oe.19.021003

Cited by 127 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Photonic waveguides can greatly facilitate broadband SCG due to a combination of enhanced nonlinearity and dispersion tailoring. While significant work on broadband SCG has been performed in microstructured optical fibers [1][2][3][4][5], the drive for an integrated, chip-based solution has led to the emergence of several attractive platforms, including chalcogenide glass [6,7], high-index glass [8], silicon nitride [9], and silicon [10][11][12]. Silicon waveguides are particularly attractive, benefiting from a large effective nonlinearity, compact device footprint, and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility.…”

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confidence: 99%

Octave-spanning mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in silicon nanowaveguides

et al. 2014

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We report, to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstration of octave-spanning supercontinuum generation (SCG) on a silicon chip, spanning from the telecommunications c-band near 1.5 μm to the mid-infrared region beyond 3.6 μm. The SCG presented here is characterized by soliton fission and dispersive radiation across two zero group-velocity dispersion wavelengths. In addition, we numerically investigate the role of multiphoton absorption and free carriers, confirming that these nonlinear loss mechanisms are not detrimental to SCG in this regime. It is well known that pumping in the anomalous wavelength region near the zero group-velocity dispersion (ZGVD) wavelength may result in broadband SCG predominantly governed by soliton fission and dispersive wave generation [5]. Furthermore, it has been shown theoretically and experimentally that under suitable conditions, a second ZGVD wavelength on the opposite side of the pump will result in even broader SCG due to the generation of redshifted dispersive waves [3,4]. While silicon-based SCG in the MIR wavelength range has been previously demonstrated [11,12], the generated spectrum was limited to 990 nm, as the spectral broadening was mainly due to modulation instability with a single dispersive wave at lower wavelengths.In this Letter, we present a fundamentally different SCG, characterized by soliton fission and dispersive radiation across both ZGVD wavelengths, which enables us to achieve MIR spectra spanning 1.3 octaves, from 1.51 to 3.67 μm, in a silicon wire waveguide. This demonstration represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first octave-spanning SCG from a silicon chip.The silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide used in our experiments has a cross section of 320 nm by 1210 nm, and a length of 2 cm, and is engineered to exhibit a ZGVD wavelength on each side of the 2.5 μm pump. Figure 1 shows the group-velocity dispersion (GVD) of the waveguide for the fundamental transverse electric (TE) mode, modeled using a custom finitedifference mode solver. The GVD is anomalous within the tuning range of the pump and falls to zero near 2.1 and 3.0 μm. The waveguide cross section and mode profile at λ 2.5 μm are shown in the inset. Fig. 1. Simulated group-velocity dispersion (GVD) curve for fundamental TE mode of an SOI waveguide with a cross section of 320 nm by 1210 nm, which results in anomalous GVD near the pump wavelength of 2.5 μm and zero-GVD wavelengths near 2.1 and 3.0 μm. The waveguide cross section and the mode profile are shown in the inset.

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confidence: 99%

Octave-spanning mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in silicon nanowaveguides

et al. 2014

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“…The highly nonlinear waveguides used had hybrid As 2 S 3 -silica double-nanospike structures. They were fabricated using the pressure-assisted melt-filling technique, which enables a µm-diameter chalcogenide wire to be created inside a narrow silica capillary fiber [15,16]. The silica cladding provides a robust shield for the fragile chalcogenide microwire.…”

Section: Experimental Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent octave-spanning mid-infrared supercontinuum generated in As_2S_3-silica double-nanospike waveguide pumped by femtosecond Cr:ZnS laser

Xie¹,

Tolstik²,

Travers³

et al. 2016

Opt. Express

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A more than 1.5 octave-spanning mid-infrared supercontinuum (1.2 to 3.6 μm) is generated by pumping a As 2 S 3 -silica "double-nanospike" waveguide via a femtosecond Cr:ZnS laser at 2.35 μm. The combination of the optimized group velocity dispersion and extremely high nonlinearity provided by the As 2 S 3 -silica hybrid waveguide enables a ~100 pJ level pump pulse energy threshold for octave-spanning spectral broadening at a repetition rate of 90 MHz. Numerical simulations show that the generated supercontinuum is highly coherent over the entire spanning wavelength range. The results are important for realization of a high repetition rate octave-spanning frequency comb in the mid-infrared spectral region. References and links1. A. Schliesser, N. Picqué, and T. W. Hänsch, "Mid-infrared frequency combs," Nat. Photonics 6(7), 440-449 (2012). 2. U. Keller, "Recent developments in compact ultrafast lasers," Nature 424(6950), 831-838 (2003). 3. P. Maddaloni, P. Malara, G. Gagliardi, and P. D. Natale, "Mid-infrared fibre-based optical comb," New J. Phys. Fermann, L. Wondraczek, and P. St. J. Russell, "Mid-Infrared supercontinuum generation in As 2 S 3 -silica "nanospike" step-index waveguide," Opt.

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Section: Pressure-assisted Melt Fillingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Optical Fibers – An Innovative Platform for In‐Fiber Photonic Devices

Schmidt

Argyros

Sorin

2015

Advanced Optical Materials

164

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The field of hybrid optical fibers is one of the most active research areas in current fiber optics and has the vision of integrating sophisticated materials inside fibers, which are not traditionally used in fiber optics. Novel in‐fiber devices with unique properties have been developed, opening up new directions for fiber optics in fields of critical interest in modern research, such as biophotonics, environmental science, optoelectronics, metamaterials, remote sensing, medicine, or quantum optics. Here the recent progress in the field of hybrid optical fibers is reviewed from an application perspective, focusing on fiber‐integrated devices enabled by including novel materials inside polymer and glass fibers. The topics discussed range from nanowire‐based plasmonics and hyperlenses, to integrated semiconductor devices such as optoelectronic detectors, and intense light generation unlocked by highly nonlinear hybrid waveguides.

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Supercontinuum generation in chalcogenide-silica step-index fibers

Cited by 127 publications

References 26 publications

Octave-spanning mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in silicon nanowaveguides

Octave-spanning mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in silicon nanowaveguides

Coherent octave-spanning mid-infrared supercontinuum generated in As_2S_3-silica double-nanospike waveguide pumped by femtosecond Cr:ZnS laser

Hybrid Optical Fibers – An Innovative Platform for In‐Fiber Photonic Devices

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