Supercontinuum noise reduction by fiber undertapering

Engelsholm, Rasmus D.; Bang, Ole

doi:10.1364/oe.27.010320

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The spectral evolution in the first two nonlinear stages (EYDFA and TDF) of the cascade were simulated by solving the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation (GNLSE) using the fourth order Runge-Kutta integration scheme in the interaction picture with adaptive step size 38,56 . All simulations were performed with 2 19 time sampling points and a temporal resolution of dt = 0.92 fs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Standard SC sources use long pump pulses (picosecond or longer) that break into a sea of solitons initiated by noise seeded modulation instability (MI), and thus the entirety of the broad spectrum suffers from high RIN [35][36][37] . There have been several attempts to mitigate this noise, such as undertapering 38 , seeding of the MI 39,40 (limited low power 41 and a phase-coherent seed 42 ), and increasing the repetition rate to average over more pulses for an enhanced signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) 20,43 . However, it has never been investigated what effect the SC cascading has on the noise.…”

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confidence: 99%

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In-amplifier and cascaded mid-infrared supercontinuum sources with low noise through gain-induced soliton spectral alignment

Kwarkye

Jensen

Engelsholm

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The pulse-to-pulse relative intensity noise (RIN) of near-infrared (near-IR) in-amplifier supercontinuum (SC) sources and mid-IR cascaded SC sources was experimentally and numerically investigated and shown to have significantly lowered noise due to the fundamental effect of gain-induced soliton-spectral alignment. The mid-IR SC source is based on a near-IR in-amplifier SC pumping a cascade of thulium-doped and ZBLAN fibers. We demonstrate that the active thulium-doped fiber not only extend the spectrum, but also to significantly reduce the RIN by up to 22% in the long wavelength region above 2 μm. Using numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the noise reduction is the result of an interplay between absorption-emission processes and nonlinear soliton dynamics leading to the soliton-spectral alignment. In the same way we show that the RIN of the near-IR in-amplifier SC source is already significantly reduced because the spectral broadening takes place in an active fiber that also introduces soliton-spectral alignment. We further show that the low noise properties are transferred to the subsequent fluoride SC, which has a RIN lower than 10% (5%) in a broad region from 1.1–3.6 μm (1.4–3.0 μm). The demonstrated low noise significantly improves the applicability of these broadband sources for mid-IR imaging and spectroscopy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In-amplifier and cascaded mid-infrared supercontinuum sources with low noise through gain-induced soliton spectral alignment

Kwarkye

Jensen

Engelsholm

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…The MI is produced by breaking up of the pulse in many fundamental solitons, when they collide and re-combine in a chaotic manner. For this reason, the MI is a noisy process [54,55]. A direct comparison between the SLD, EDFA, and SC spectra in the wavelength band from 1510 to 1540 nm, where acetylene has strong absorption peaks, is shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MI is produced by breaking up of the pulse in many fundamental solitons, when they collide and re-combine in a chaotic manner. For this reason, the MI is a noisy process [54,55].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

All Single-Mode-Fiber Supercontinuum Source Setup for Monitoring of Multiple Gases Applications

Martín-Vela

Gallegos-Arellano

Sierra-Hernández

et al. 2020

Sensors

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In this paper, a gas sensing system based on a conventional absorption technique using a single-mode-fiber supercontinuum source (SMF-SC) is presented. The SC source was implemented by channeling pulses from a microchip laser into a one kilometer long single-mode fiber (SMF), obtaining a flat high-spectrum with a bandwidth of up to 350 nm in the region from 1350 to 1700 nm, and high stability in power and wavelength. The supercontinuum radiation was used for simultaneously sensing water vapor and acetylene gas in the regions from 1350 to 1420 nm and 1510 to 1540 nm, respectively. The experimental results show that the absorption peaks of acetylene have a maximum depth of approximately 30 dB and contain about 60 strong lines in the R and P branches, demonstrating a high sensitivity of the sensing setup to acetylene. Finally, to verify the experimental results, the experimental spectra are compared to simulations obtained from the Hitran database. This shows that the implemented system can be used to develop sensors for applications in broadband absorption spectroscopy and as a low-cost absorption spectrophotometer of multiple gases.

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“…Hollow core fibers overcome the damage threshold by generating a supercontinuum in a gas phase 14 . This results in a broad and bright spectrum, however, there are various competing nonlinear processes present in these fibers, such as the chaotic four-wave mixing and modulation instability 9,[15][16][17] . These mechanisms, combined with their sensitive input coupling, result in strong spectral fluctuations of the generated supercontinuum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single 3.3-fs Multiple-Plate Compression Light Source in Ultrafast Transient Absorption Spectroscopy

Chen

Tamming

Hodgkiss

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy is a powerful tool to reveal excited state dynamics in various materials. Conventionally, probe pulses are generated via bulk supercontinuum generation or (noncollinear) optical parametric amplifiers whilst pump pulses are generated separately from (noncollinear) optical parametric amplifiers. These systems are limited by either their spectral density, stability, spectral range, and/or temporal compressibility. Recently, a new intense broadband light source is being developed, the multi plate compression, which promises to overcome these limitations. In this paper, we analyze the supercontinuum generated by a single multiple-plate compression system to set a benchmark for its use in the ﬁeld of ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy. We have compressed the supercontinuum to 3.3 fs using chirp mirrors alone, making it an excellent candidate for pump-probe experiments requiring high temporal resolution. Furthermore, the single light source can be used to generate both pump and probe pulses due to its high spectral density (>14.5 nJ/nm) between 490 and 890 nm. The intensity has an average shot-to-shot relative standard deviation of 4.6% over 490 to 890 nm, calculated over 2,000 sequential shots. By using only 1,000 shot pairs, a ΔT/T noise level of 2.6 × 10−4 RMS is achieved. Finally, as a proof of concept, the transient absorption spectrum of a methylammonium lead iodide perovskite ﬁlm has been taken, showing great signal to noise with only 1,000 shot pairs. These results show great potential for the employment of this technique in other spectroscopic techniques such as coherent multidimensional spectroscopy.

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Supercontinuum noise reduction by fiber undertapering

Cited by 23 publications

References 52 publications

In-amplifier and cascaded mid-infrared supercontinuum sources with low noise through gain-induced soliton spectral alignment

In-amplifier and cascaded mid-infrared supercontinuum sources with low noise through gain-induced soliton spectral alignment

All Single-Mode-Fiber Supercontinuum Source Setup for Monitoring of Multiple Gases Applications

Single 3.3-fs Multiple-Plate Compression Light Source in Ultrafast Transient Absorption Spectroscopy

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