In Part I of this work, we develop superconvergence estimates for piecewise linear finite element approximations on quasi-uniform triangular meshes where most pairs of triangles sharing a common edge form approximate parallelograms. In particular, we first show a superconvergence of the gradient of the finite element solution u h and to the gradient of the interpolant u I . We then analyze a postprocessing gradient recovery scheme, showing that Q h ∇u h is a superconvergent approximation to ∇u. Here Q h is the global L 2 projection. In Part II, we analyze a superconvergent gradient recovery scheme for general unstructured, shape regular triangulations. This is the foundation for an a posteriori error estimate and local error indicators. 1. Introduction. The study of superconvergence and a posteriori error estimates has been an area of active research; see the monographs by Verfürth [17], Chen and Huang [8], Wahlbin [18], Lin and Yan [16], and Babuška and Strouboulis [3] and a recent article by Lakhany, Marek, and Whiteman [13] for overviews of the field. In this two-part work we study some new superconvergence results. In Part I, we develop some superconvergence results for finite element approximations of a general class of elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs), based mainly on the geometry of the underlying triangular mesh. In Part II, we develop a gradient recovery technique that can force superconvergence on general shape regular meshes. Patch recovery techniques have been studied by Zienkiewicz and Zhu and this subject has itself evolved into an active subfield of research [25,14,23,24,9,22]. Although our algorithm in some respects resembles this and other similar schemes [12,19,4,6,2,10], it draws much of its motivation from multilevel iterative methods.Let Ω ⊂ R 2 be a bounded domain with Lipschitz boundary ∂Ω. For simplicity of exposition, we assume that Ω is a polygon. We assume that Ω is partitioned by a shape regular triangulation T h of mesh size h ∈ (0, 1). Let V h ⊂ H 1 (Ω) be the corresponding continuous piecewise linear finite element space associated with this triangulation T h , and u h ∈ V h be a finite element approximation to a second order elliptic boundary value problem.Our development has three main steps. In the first step, we prove a superconvergence result for |u h − u I | 1,Ω , where u I is the piecewise linear interpolant for u. In